// Copyright (c) 2006, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// ---
// Author: Sanjay Ghemawat
// Maxim Lifantsev (refactoring)
//
#ifndef BASE_HEAP_PROFILE_TABLE_H_
#define BASE_HEAP_PROFILE_TABLE_H_
#include "addressmap-inl.h"
#include "base/basictypes.h"
#include "base/logging.h" // for RawFD
// Table to maintain a heap profile data inside,
// i.e. the set of currently active heap memory allocations.
// thread-unsafe and non-reentrant code:
// each instance object must be used by one thread
// at a time w/o self-recursion.
//
// TODO(maxim): add a unittest for this class.
class HeapProfileTable {
public:
// Extension to be used for heap pforile files.
static const char kFileExt[];
// Longest stack trace we record.
static const int kMaxStackDepth = 32;
// data types ----------------------------
// Profile stats.
struct Stats {
int32 allocs; // Number of allocation calls
int32 frees; // Number of free calls
int64 alloc_size; // Total size of all allocated objects so far
int64 free_size; // Total size of all freed objects so far
// semantic equality
bool Equivalent(const Stats& x) const {
return allocs - frees == x.allocs - x.frees &&
alloc_size - free_size == x.alloc_size - x.free_size;
}
};
// Info we can return about an allocation.
struct AllocInfo {
size_t object_size; // size of the allocation
const void* const* call_stack; // call stack that made the allocation call
int stack_depth; // depth of call_stack
bool live;
bool ignored;
};
// Info we return about an allocation context.
// An allocation context is a unique caller stack trace
// of an allocation operation.
struct AllocContextInfo : public Stats {
int stack_depth; // Depth of stack trace
const void* const* call_stack; // Stack trace
};
// Memory (de)allocator interface we'll use.
typedef void* (*Allocator)(size_t size);
typedef void (*DeAllocator)(void* ptr);
// interface ---------------------------
HeapProfileTable(Allocator alloc, DeAllocator dealloc);
~HeapProfileTable();
// Collect the stack trace for the function that asked to do the
// allocation for passing to RecordAlloc() below.
//
// The stack trace is stored in 'stack'. The stack depth is returned.
//
// 'skip_count' gives the number of stack frames between this call
// and the memory allocation function.
static int GetCallerStackTrace(int skip_count, void* stack[kMaxStackDepth]);
// Record an allocation at 'ptr' of 'bytes' bytes. 'stack_depth'
// and 'call_stack' identifying the function that requested the
// allocation. They can be generated using GetCallerStackTrace() above.
void RecordAlloc(const void* ptr, size_t bytes,
int stack_depth, const void* const call_stack[]);
// Record the deallocation of memory at 'ptr'.
void RecordFree(const void* ptr);
// Return true iff we have recorded an allocation at 'ptr'.
// If yes, fill *object_size with the allocation byte size.
bool FindAlloc(const void* ptr, size_t* object_size) const;
// Same as FindAlloc, but fills all of *info.
bool FindAllocDetails(const void* ptr, AllocInfo* info) const;
// Return true iff "ptr" points into a recorded allocation
// If yes, fill *object_ptr with the actual allocation address
// and *object_size with the allocation byte size.
// max_size specifies largest currently possible allocation size.
bool FindInsideAlloc(const void* ptr, size_t max_size,
const void** object_ptr, size_t* object_size) const;
// If "ptr" points to a recorded allocation and it's not marked as live
// mark it as live and return true. Else return false.
// All allocations start as non-live.
bool MarkAsLive(const void* ptr);
// If "ptr" points to a recorded allocation, mark it as "ignored".
// Ignored objects are treated like other objects, except that they
// are skipped in heap checking reports.
void MarkAsIgnored(const void* ptr);
// Return current total (de)allocation statistics. It doesn't contain
// mmap'ed regions.
const Stats& total() const { return total_; }
// Allocation data iteration callback: gets passed object pointer and
// fully-filled AllocInfo.
typedef void (*AllocIterator)(const void* ptr, const AllocInfo& info);
// Iterate over the allocation profile data calling "callback"
// for every allocation.
void IterateAllocs(AllocIterator callback) const {
alloc_address_map_->Iterate(MapArgsAllocIterator, callback);
}
// Allocation context profile data iteration callback
typedef void (*AllocContextIterator)(const AllocContextInfo& info);
// Iterate over the allocation context profile data calling "callback"
// for every allocation context. Allocation contexts are ordered by the
// size of allocated space.
void IterateOrderedAllocContexts(AllocContextIterator callback) const;
// Fill profile data into buffer 'buf' of size 'size'
// and return the actual size occupied by the dump in 'buf'.
// The profile buckets are dumped in the decreasing order
// of currently allocated bytes.
// We do not provision for 0-terminating 'buf'.
int FillOrderedProfile(char buf[], int size) const;
// Cleanup any old profile files matching prefix + ".*" + kFileExt.
static void CleanupOldProfiles(const char* prefix);
// Return a snapshot of the current contents of *this.
// Caller must call ReleaseSnapshot() on result when no longer needed.
// The result is only valid while this exists and until
// the snapshot is discarded by calling ReleaseSnapshot().
class Snapshot;
Snapshot* TakeSnapshot();
// Release a previously taken snapshot. snapshot must not
// be used after this call.
void ReleaseSnapshot(Snapshot* snapshot);
// Return a snapshot of every non-live, non-ignored object in *this.
// If "base" is non-NULL, skip any objects present in "base".
// As a side-effect, clears the "live" bit on every live object in *this.
// Caller must call ReleaseSnapshot() on result when no longer needed.
Snapshot* NonLiveSnapshot(Snapshot* base);
// Refresh the internal mmap information from MemoryRegionMap. Results of
// FillOrderedProfile and IterateOrderedAllocContexts will contain mmap'ed
// memory regions as at calling RefreshMMapData.
void RefreshMMapData();
// Clear the internal mmap information. Results of FillOrderedProfile and
// IterateOrderedAllocContexts won't contain mmap'ed memory regions after
// calling ClearMMapData.
void ClearMMapData();
private:
// data types ----------------------------
// Hash table bucket to hold (de)allocation stats
// for a given allocation call stack trace.
struct Bucket : public Stats {
uintptr_t hash; // Hash value of the stack trace
int depth; // Depth of stack trace
const void** stack; // Stack trace
Bucket* next; // Next entry in hash-table
};
// Info stored in the address map
struct AllocValue {
// Access to the stack-trace bucket
Bucket* bucket() const {
return reinterpret_cast<Bucket*>(bucket_rep & ~uintptr_t(kMask));
}
// This also does set_live(false).
void set_bucket(Bucket* b) { bucket_rep = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(b); }
size_t bytes; // Number of bytes in this allocation
// Access to the allocation liveness flag (for leak checking)
bool live() const { return bucket_rep & kLive; }
void set_live(bool l) {
bucket_rep = (bucket_rep & ~uintptr_t(kLive)) | (l ? kLive : 0);
}
// Should this allocation be ignored if it looks like a leak?
bool ignore() const { return bucket_rep & kIgnore; }
void set_ignore(bool r) {
bucket_rep = (bucket_rep & ~uintptr_t(kIgnore)) | (r ? kIgnore : 0);
}
private:
// We store a few bits in the bottom bits of bucket_rep.
// (Alignment is at least four, so we have at least two bits.)
static const int kLive = 1;
static const int kIgnore = 2;
static const int kMask = kLive | kIgnore;
uintptr_t bucket_rep;
};
// helper for FindInsideAlloc
static size_t AllocValueSize(const AllocValue& v) { return v.bytes; }
typedef AddressMap<AllocValue> AllocationMap;
// Arguments that need to be passed DumpNonLiveIterator callback below.
struct DumpArgs {
RawFD fd; // file to write to
Stats* profile_stats; // stats to update (may be NULL)
DumpArgs(RawFD a, Stats* d)
: fd(a), profile_stats(d) { }
};
// helpers ----------------------------
// Unparse bucket b and print its portion of profile dump into buf.
// We return the amount of space in buf that we use. We start printing
// at buf + buflen, and promise not to go beyond buf + bufsize.
// We do not provision for 0-terminating 'buf'.
//
// If profile_stats is non-NULL, we update *profile_stats by
// counting bucket b.
//
// "extra" is appended to the unparsed bucket. Typically it is empty,
// but may be set to something like " heapprofile" for the total
// bucket to indicate the type of the profile.
static int UnparseBucket(const Bucket& b,
char* buf, int buflen, int bufsize,
const char* extra,
Stats* profile_stats);
// Deallocate a given allocation map.
void DeallocateAllocationMap(AllocationMap* allocation);
// Deallocate a given bucket table.
void DeallocateBucketTable(Bucket** table);
// Get the bucket for the caller stack trace 'key' of depth 'depth' from a
// bucket hash map 'table' creating the bucket if needed. '*bucket_count'
// is incremented both when 'bucket_count' is not NULL and when a new
// bucket object is created.
Bucket* GetBucket(int depth, const void* const key[], Bucket** table,
int* bucket_count);
// Helper for IterateAllocs to do callback signature conversion
// from AllocationMap::Iterate to AllocIterator.
static void MapArgsAllocIterator(const void* ptr, AllocValue* v,
AllocIterator callback) {
AllocInfo info;
info.object_size = v->bytes;
info.call_stack = v->bucket()->stack;
info.stack_depth = v->bucket()->depth;
info.live = v->live();
info.ignored = v->ignore();
callback(ptr, info);
}
// Helper for DumpNonLiveProfile to do object-granularity
// heap profile dumping. It gets passed to AllocationMap::Iterate.
inline static void DumpNonLiveIterator(const void* ptr, AllocValue* v,
const DumpArgs& args);
// Helper for filling size variables in buckets by zero.
inline static void ZeroBucketCountsIterator(
const void* ptr, AllocValue* v, HeapProfileTable* heap_profile);
// Helper for IterateOrderedAllocContexts and FillOrderedProfile.
// Creates a sorted list of Buckets whose length is num_alloc_buckets_ +
// num_avaliable_mmap_buckets_.
// The caller is responsible for deallocating the returned list.
Bucket** MakeSortedBucketList() const;
// Helper for TakeSnapshot. Saves object to snapshot.
static void AddToSnapshot(const void* ptr, AllocValue* v, Snapshot* s);
// Arguments passed to AddIfNonLive
struct AddNonLiveArgs {
Snapshot* dest;
Snapshot* base;
};
// Helper for NonLiveSnapshot. Adds the object to the destination
// snapshot if it is non-live.
static void AddIfNonLive(const void* ptr, AllocValue* v,
AddNonLiveArgs* arg);
// Write contents of "*allocations" as a heap profile to
// "file_name". "total" must contain the total of all entries in
// "*allocations".
static bool WriteProfile(const char* file_name,
const Bucket& total,
AllocationMap* allocations);
// data ----------------------------
// Memory (de)allocator that we use.
Allocator alloc_;
DeAllocator dealloc_;
// Overall profile stats; we use only the Stats part,
// but make it a Bucket to pass to UnparseBucket.
// It doesn't contain mmap'ed regions.
Bucket total_;
// Bucket hash table for malloc.
// We hand-craft one instead of using one of the pre-written
// ones because we do not want to use malloc when operating on the table.
// It is only few lines of code, so no big deal.
Bucket** alloc_table_;
int num_alloc_buckets_;
// Bucket hash table for mmap.
// This table is filled with the information from MemoryRegionMap by calling
// RefreshMMapData.
Bucket** mmap_table_;
int num_available_mmap_buckets_;
// Map of all currently allocated objects and mapped regions we know about.
AllocationMap* alloc_address_map_;
AllocationMap* mmap_address_map_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(HeapProfileTable);
};
class HeapProfileTable::Snapshot {
public:
const Stats& total() const { return total_; }
// Report anything in this snapshot as a leak.
// May use new/delete for temporary storage.
// If should_symbolize is true, will fork (which is not threadsafe)
// to turn addresses into symbol names. Set to false for maximum safety.
// Also writes a heap profile to "filename" that contains
// all of the objects in this snapshot.
void ReportLeaks(const char* checker_name, const char* filename,
bool should_symbolize);
// Report the addresses of all leaked objects.
// May use new/delete for temporary storage.
void ReportIndividualObjects();
bool Empty() const {
return (total_.allocs == 0) && (total_.alloc_size == 0);
}
private:
friend class HeapProfileTable;
// Total count/size are stored in a Bucket so we can reuse UnparseBucket
Bucket total_;
// We share the Buckets managed by the parent table, but have our
// own object->bucket map.
AllocationMap map_;
Snapshot(Allocator alloc, DeAllocator dealloc) : map_(alloc, dealloc) {
memset(&total_, 0, sizeof(total_));
}
// Callback used to populate a Snapshot object with entries found
// in another allocation map.
inline void Add(const void* ptr, const AllocValue& v) {
map_.Insert(ptr, v);
total_.allocs++;
total_.alloc_size += v.bytes;
}
// Helpers for sorting and generating leak reports
struct Entry;
struct ReportState;
static void ReportCallback(const void* ptr, AllocValue* v, ReportState*);
static void ReportObject(const void* ptr, AllocValue* v, char*);
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Snapshot);
};
#endif // BASE_HEAP_PROFILE_TABLE_H_