// Copyright 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
//
// This file defines utility functions for working with strings.
#ifndef BASE_STRINGS_STRING_UTIL_H_
#define BASE_STRINGS_STRING_UTIL_H_
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdarg.h> // va_list
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "base/base_export.h"
#include "base/basictypes.h"
#include "base/compiler_specific.h"
#include "base/strings/string16.h"
#include "base/strings/string_piece.h" // For implicit conversions.
namespace base {
// C standard-library functions like "strncasecmp" and "snprintf" that aren't
// cross-platform are provided as "base::strncasecmp", and their prototypes
// are listed below. These functions are then implemented as inline calls
// to the platform-specific equivalents in the platform-specific headers.
// Compares the two strings s1 and s2 without regard to case using
// the current locale; returns 0 if they are equal, 1 if s1 > s2, and -1 if
// s2 > s1 according to a lexicographic comparison.
int strcasecmp(const char* s1, const char* s2);
// Compares up to count characters of s1 and s2 without regard to case using
// the current locale; returns 0 if they are equal, 1 if s1 > s2, and -1 if
// s2 > s1 according to a lexicographic comparison.
int strncasecmp(const char* s1, const char* s2, size_t count);
// Same as strncmp but for char16 strings.
int strncmp16(const char16* s1, const char16* s2, size_t count);
// Wrapper for vsnprintf that always null-terminates and always returns the
// number of characters that would be in an untruncated formatted
// string, even when truncation occurs.
int vsnprintf(char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, va_list arguments)
PRINTF_FORMAT(3, 0);
// Some of these implementations need to be inlined.
// We separate the declaration from the implementation of this inline
// function just so the PRINTF_FORMAT works.
inline int snprintf(char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, ...)
PRINTF_FORMAT(3, 4);
inline int snprintf(char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, ...) {
va_list arguments;
va_start(arguments, format);
int result = vsnprintf(buffer, size, format, arguments);
va_end(arguments);
return result;
}
// BSD-style safe and consistent string copy functions.
// Copies |src| to |dst|, where |dst_size| is the total allocated size of |dst|.
// Copies at most |dst_size|-1 characters, and always NULL terminates |dst|, as
// long as |dst_size| is not 0. Returns the length of |src| in characters.
// If the return value is >= dst_size, then the output was truncated.
// NOTE: All sizes are in number of characters, NOT in bytes.
BASE_EXPORT size_t strlcpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t dst_size);
BASE_EXPORT size_t wcslcpy(wchar_t* dst, const wchar_t* src, size_t dst_size);
// Scan a wprintf format string to determine whether it's portable across a
// variety of systems. This function only checks that the conversion
// specifiers used by the format string are supported and have the same meaning
// on a variety of systems. It doesn't check for other errors that might occur
// within a format string.
//
// Nonportable conversion specifiers for wprintf are:
// - 's' and 'c' without an 'l' length modifier. %s and %c operate on char
// data on all systems except Windows, which treat them as wchar_t data.
// Use %ls and %lc for wchar_t data instead.
// - 'S' and 'C', which operate on wchar_t data on all systems except Windows,
// which treat them as char data. Use %ls and %lc for wchar_t data
// instead.
// - 'F', which is not identified by Windows wprintf documentation.
// - 'D', 'O', and 'U', which are deprecated and not available on all systems.
// Use %ld, %lo, and %lu instead.
//
// Note that there is no portable conversion specifier for char data when
// working with wprintf.
//
// This function is intended to be called from base::vswprintf.
BASE_EXPORT bool IsWprintfFormatPortable(const wchar_t* format);
// ASCII-specific tolower. The standard library's tolower is locale sensitive,
// so we don't want to use it here.
template <class Char> inline Char ToLowerASCII(Char c) {
return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? (c + ('a' - 'A')) : c;
}
// ASCII-specific toupper. The standard library's toupper is locale sensitive,
// so we don't want to use it here.
template <class Char> inline Char ToUpperASCII(Char c) {
return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ? (c + ('A' - 'a')) : c;
}
// Function objects to aid in comparing/searching strings.
template<typename Char> struct CaseInsensitiveCompare {
public:
bool operator()(Char x, Char y) const {
// TODO(darin): Do we really want to do locale sensitive comparisons here?
// See http://crbug.com/24917
return tolower(x) == tolower(y);
}
};
template<typename Char> struct CaseInsensitiveCompareASCII {
public:
bool operator()(Char x, Char y) const {
return ToLowerASCII(x) == ToLowerASCII(y);
}
};
// These threadsafe functions return references to globally unique empty
// strings.
//
// It is likely faster to construct a new empty string object (just a few
// instructions to set the length to 0) than to get the empty string singleton
// returned by these functions (which requires threadsafe singleton access).
//
// Therefore, DO NOT USE THESE AS A GENERAL-PURPOSE SUBSTITUTE FOR DEFAULT
// CONSTRUCTORS. There is only one case where you should use these: functions
// which need to return a string by reference (e.g. as a class member
// accessor), and don't have an empty string to use (e.g. in an error case).
// These should not be used as initializers, function arguments, or return
// values for functions which return by value or outparam.
BASE_EXPORT const std::string& EmptyString();
BASE_EXPORT const string16& EmptyString16();
// Contains the set of characters representing whitespace in the corresponding
// encoding. Null-terminated.
BASE_EXPORT extern const wchar_t kWhitespaceWide[];
BASE_EXPORT extern const char16 kWhitespaceUTF16[];
BASE_EXPORT extern const char kWhitespaceASCII[];
// Null-terminated string representing the UTF-8 byte order mark.
BASE_EXPORT extern const char kUtf8ByteOrderMark[];
// Removes characters in |remove_chars| from anywhere in |input|. Returns true
// if any characters were removed. |remove_chars| must be null-terminated.
// NOTE: Safe to use the same variable for both |input| and |output|.
BASE_EXPORT bool RemoveChars(const string16& input,
const char16 remove_chars[],
string16* output);
BASE_EXPORT bool RemoveChars(const std::string& input,
const char remove_chars[],
std::string* output);
// Replaces characters in |replace_chars| from anywhere in |input| with
// |replace_with|. Each character in |replace_chars| will be replaced with
// the |replace_with| string. Returns true if any characters were replaced.
// |replace_chars| must be null-terminated.
// NOTE: Safe to use the same variable for both |input| and |output|.
BASE_EXPORT bool ReplaceChars(const string16& input,
const char16 replace_chars[],
const string16& replace_with,
string16* output);
BASE_EXPORT bool ReplaceChars(const std::string& input,
const char replace_chars[],
const std::string& replace_with,
std::string* output);
// Removes characters in |trim_chars| from the beginning and end of |input|.
// |trim_chars| must be null-terminated.
// NOTE: Safe to use the same variable for both |input| and |output|.
BASE_EXPORT bool TrimString(const string16& input,
const char16 trim_chars[],
string16* output);
BASE_EXPORT bool TrimString(const std::string& input,
const char trim_chars[],
std::string* output);
// Truncates a string to the nearest UTF-8 character that will leave
// the string less than or equal to the specified byte size.
BASE_EXPORT void TruncateUTF8ToByteSize(const std::string& input,
const size_t byte_size,
std::string* output);
// Trims any whitespace from either end of the input string. Returns where
// whitespace was found.
// The non-wide version has two functions:
// * TrimWhitespaceASCII()
// This function is for ASCII strings and only looks for ASCII whitespace;
// Please choose the best one according to your usage.
// NOTE: Safe to use the same variable for both input and output.
enum TrimPositions {
TRIM_NONE = 0,
TRIM_LEADING = 1 << 0,
TRIM_TRAILING = 1 << 1,
TRIM_ALL = TRIM_LEADING | TRIM_TRAILING,
};
BASE_EXPORT TrimPositions TrimWhitespace(const string16& input,
TrimPositions positions,
base::string16* output);
BASE_EXPORT TrimPositions TrimWhitespaceASCII(const std::string& input,
TrimPositions positions,
std::string* output);
// Deprecated. This function is only for backward compatibility and calls
// TrimWhitespaceASCII().
BASE_EXPORT TrimPositions TrimWhitespace(const std::string& input,
TrimPositions positions,
std::string* output);
// Searches for CR or LF characters. Removes all contiguous whitespace
// strings that contain them. This is useful when trying to deal with text
// copied from terminals.
// Returns |text|, with the following three transformations:
// (1) Leading and trailing whitespace is trimmed.
// (2) If |trim_sequences_with_line_breaks| is true, any other whitespace
// sequences containing a CR or LF are trimmed.
// (3) All other whitespace sequences are converted to single spaces.
BASE_EXPORT string16 CollapseWhitespace(
const string16& text,
bool trim_sequences_with_line_breaks);
BASE_EXPORT std::string CollapseWhitespaceASCII(
const std::string& text,
bool trim_sequences_with_line_breaks);
// Returns true if |input| is empty or contains only characters found in
// |characters|.
BASE_EXPORT bool ContainsOnlyChars(const StringPiece& input,
const StringPiece& characters);
BASE_EXPORT bool ContainsOnlyChars(const StringPiece16& input,
const StringPiece16& characters);
} // namespace base
#if defined(OS_WIN)
#include "base/strings/string_util_win.h"
#elif defined(OS_POSIX)
#include "base/strings/string_util_posix.h"
#else
#error Define string operations appropriately for your platform
#endif
// Returns true if the specified string matches the criteria. How can a wide
// string be 8-bit or UTF8? It contains only characters that are < 256 (in the
// first case) or characters that use only 8-bits and whose 8-bit
// representation looks like a UTF-8 string (the second case).
//
// Note that IsStringUTF8 checks not only if the input is structurally
// valid but also if it doesn't contain any non-character codepoint
// (e.g. U+FFFE). It's done on purpose because all the existing callers want
// to have the maximum 'discriminating' power from other encodings. If
// there's a use case for just checking the structural validity, we have to
// add a new function for that.
BASE_EXPORT bool IsStringUTF8(const std::string& str);
BASE_EXPORT bool IsStringASCII(const base::StringPiece& str);
BASE_EXPORT bool IsStringASCII(const base::string16& str);
// Converts the elements of the given string. This version uses a pointer to
// clearly differentiate it from the non-pointer variant.
template <class str> inline void StringToLowerASCII(str* s) {
for (typename str::iterator i = s->begin(); i != s->end(); ++i)
*i = base::ToLowerASCII(*i);
}
template <class str> inline str StringToLowerASCII(const str& s) {
// for std::string and std::wstring
str output(s);
StringToLowerASCII(&output);
return output;
}
// Converts the elements of the given string. This version uses a pointer to
// clearly differentiate it from the non-pointer variant.
template <class str> inline void StringToUpperASCII(str* s) {
for (typename str::iterator i = s->begin(); i != s->end(); ++i)
*i = base::ToUpperASCII(*i);
}
template <class str> inline str StringToUpperASCII(const str& s) {
// for std::string and std::wstring
str output(s);
StringToUpperASCII(&output);
return output;
}
// Compare the lower-case form of the given string against the given ASCII
// string. This is useful for doing checking if an input string matches some
// token, and it is optimized to avoid intermediate string copies. This API is
// borrowed from the equivalent APIs in Mozilla.
BASE_EXPORT bool LowerCaseEqualsASCII(const std::string& a, const char* b);
BASE_EXPORT bool LowerCaseEqualsASCII(const base::string16& a, const char* b);
// Same thing, but with string iterators instead.
BASE_EXPORT bool LowerCaseEqualsASCII(std::string::const_iterator a_begin,
std::string::const_iterator a_end,
const char* b);
BASE_EXPORT bool LowerCaseEqualsASCII(base::string16::const_iterator a_begin,
base::string16::const_iterator a_end,
const char* b);
BASE_EXPORT bool LowerCaseEqualsASCII(const char* a_begin,
const char* a_end,
const char* b);
BASE_EXPORT bool LowerCaseEqualsASCII(const base::char16* a_begin,
const base::char16* a_end,
const char* b);
// Performs a case-sensitive string compare. The behavior is undefined if both
// strings are not ASCII.
BASE_EXPORT bool EqualsASCII(const base::string16& a, const base::StringPiece& b);
// Returns true if str starts with search, or false otherwise.
BASE_EXPORT bool StartsWithASCII(const std::string& str,
const std::string& search,
bool case_sensitive);
BASE_EXPORT bool StartsWith(const base::string16& str,
const base::string16& search,
bool case_sensitive);
// Returns true if str ends with search, or false otherwise.
BASE_EXPORT bool EndsWith(const std::string& str,
const std::string& search,
bool case_sensitive);
BASE_EXPORT bool EndsWith(const base::string16& str,
const base::string16& search,
bool case_sensitive);
// Determines the type of ASCII character, independent of locale (the C
// library versions will change based on locale).
template <typename Char>
inline bool IsAsciiWhitespace(Char c) {
return c == ' ' || c == '\r' || c == '\n' || c == '\t';
}
template <typename Char>
inline bool IsAsciiAlpha(Char c) {
return ((c >= 'A') && (c <= 'Z')) || ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'z'));
}
template <typename Char>
inline bool IsAsciiDigit(Char c) {
return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
}
template <typename Char>
inline bool IsHexDigit(Char c) {
return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') ||
(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f');
}
template <typename Char>
inline Char HexDigitToInt(Char c) {
DCHECK(IsHexDigit(c));
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
return c - '0';
if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
return c - 'A' + 10;
if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
return c - 'a' + 10;
return 0;
}
// Returns true if it's a whitespace character.
inline bool IsWhitespace(wchar_t c) {
return wcschr(base::kWhitespaceWide, c) != NULL;
}
// Return a byte string in human-readable format with a unit suffix. Not
// appropriate for use in any UI; use of FormatBytes and friends in ui/base is
// highly recommended instead. TODO(avi): Figure out how to get callers to use
// FormatBytes instead; remove this.
BASE_EXPORT base::string16 FormatBytesUnlocalized(int64 bytes);
// Starting at |start_offset| (usually 0), replace the first instance of
// |find_this| with |replace_with|.
BASE_EXPORT void ReplaceFirstSubstringAfterOffset(
base::string16* str,
base::string16::size_type start_offset,
const base::string16& find_this,
const base::string16& replace_with);
BASE_EXPORT void ReplaceFirstSubstringAfterOffset(
std::string* str,
std::string::size_type start_offset,
const std::string& find_this,
const std::string& replace_with);
// Starting at |start_offset| (usually 0), look through |str| and replace all
// instances of |find_this| with |replace_with|.
//
// This does entire substrings; use std::replace in <algorithm> for single
// characters, for example:
// std::replace(str.begin(), str.end(), 'a', 'b');
BASE_EXPORT void ReplaceSubstringsAfterOffset(
base::string16* str,
base::string16::size_type start_offset,
const base::string16& find_this,
const base::string16& replace_with);
BASE_EXPORT void ReplaceSubstringsAfterOffset(
std::string* str,
std::string::size_type start_offset,
const std::string& find_this,
const std::string& replace_with);
// Reserves enough memory in |str| to accommodate |length_with_null| characters,
// sets the size of |str| to |length_with_null - 1| characters, and returns a
// pointer to the underlying contiguous array of characters. This is typically
// used when calling a function that writes results into a character array, but
// the caller wants the data to be managed by a string-like object. It is
// convenient in that is can be used inline in the call, and fast in that it
// avoids copying the results of the call from a char* into a string.
//
// |length_with_null| must be at least 2, since otherwise the underlying string
// would have size 0, and trying to access &((*str)[0]) in that case can result
// in a number of problems.
//
// Internally, this takes linear time because the resize() call 0-fills the
// underlying array for potentially all
// (|length_with_null - 1| * sizeof(string_type::value_type)) bytes. Ideally we
// could avoid this aspect of the resize() call, as we expect the caller to
// immediately write over this memory, but there is no other way to set the size
// of the string, and not doing that will mean people who access |str| rather
// than str.c_str() will get back a string of whatever size |str| had on entry
// to this function (probably 0).
template <class string_type>
inline typename string_type::value_type* WriteInto(string_type* str,
size_t length_with_null) {
DCHECK_GT(length_with_null, 1u);
str->reserve(length_with_null);
str->resize(length_with_null - 1);
return &((*str)[0]);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Splits a string into its fields delimited by any of the characters in
// |delimiters|. Each field is added to the |tokens| vector. Returns the
// number of tokens found.
BASE_EXPORT size_t Tokenize(const base::string16& str,
const base::string16& delimiters,
std::vector<base::string16>* tokens);
BASE_EXPORT size_t Tokenize(const std::string& str,
const std::string& delimiters,
std::vector<std::string>* tokens);
BASE_EXPORT size_t Tokenize(const base::StringPiece& str,
const base::StringPiece& delimiters,
std::vector<base::StringPiece>* tokens);
// Does the opposite of SplitString().
BASE_EXPORT base::string16 JoinString(const std::vector<base::string16>& parts,
base::char16 s);
BASE_EXPORT std::string JoinString(
const std::vector<std::string>& parts, char s);
// Join |parts| using |separator|.
BASE_EXPORT std::string JoinString(
const std::vector<std::string>& parts,
const std::string& separator);
BASE_EXPORT base::string16 JoinString(
const std::vector<base::string16>& parts,
const base::string16& separator);
// Replace $1-$2-$3..$9 in the format string with |a|-|b|-|c|..|i| respectively.
// Additionally, any number of consecutive '$' characters is replaced by that
// number less one. Eg $$->$, $$$->$$, etc. The offsets parameter here can be
// NULL. This only allows you to use up to nine replacements.
BASE_EXPORT base::string16 ReplaceStringPlaceholders(
const base::string16& format_string,
const std::vector<base::string16>& subst,
std::vector<size_t>* offsets);
BASE_EXPORT std::string ReplaceStringPlaceholders(
const base::StringPiece& format_string,
const std::vector<std::string>& subst,
std::vector<size_t>* offsets);
// Single-string shortcut for ReplaceStringHolders. |offset| may be NULL.
BASE_EXPORT base::string16 ReplaceStringPlaceholders(
const base::string16& format_string,
const base::string16& a,
size_t* offset);
// Returns true if the string passed in matches the pattern. The pattern
// string can contain wildcards like * and ?
// The backslash character (\) is an escape character for * and ?
// We limit the patterns to having a max of 16 * or ? characters.
// ? matches 0 or 1 character, while * matches 0 or more characters.
BASE_EXPORT bool MatchPattern(const base::StringPiece& string,
const base::StringPiece& pattern);
BASE_EXPORT bool MatchPattern(const base::string16& string,
const base::string16& pattern);
// Hack to convert any char-like type to its unsigned counterpart.
// For example, it will convert char, signed char and unsigned char to unsigned
// char.
template<typename T>
struct ToUnsigned {
typedef T Unsigned;
};
template<>
struct ToUnsigned<char> {
typedef unsigned char Unsigned;
};
template<>
struct ToUnsigned<signed char> {
typedef unsigned char Unsigned;
};
template<>
struct ToUnsigned<wchar_t> {
#if defined(WCHAR_T_IS_UTF16)
typedef unsigned short Unsigned;
#elif defined(WCHAR_T_IS_UTF32)
typedef uint32 Unsigned;
#endif
};
template<>
struct ToUnsigned<short> {
typedef unsigned short Unsigned;
};
#endif // BASE_STRINGS_STRING_UTIL_H_