root/compat/regex/regcomp.c

DEFINITIONS

1. btowc
2. re_compile_pattern
3. weak_alias
4. weak_alias
5. weak_alias
6. re_compile_fastmap_iter
7. regcomp
8. weak_alias
9. free_dfa_content
10. regfree
11. weak_alias
12. libc_freeres_fn
13. re_compile_internal
14. init_dfa
15. init_word_char
16. free_workarea_compile
17. create_initial_state
18. optimize_utf8
19. analyze
20. postorder
21. preorder
22. optimize_subexps
23. lower_subexps
24. lower_subexp
25. calc_first
26. calc_next
27. link_nfa_nodes
28. duplicate_node_closure
29. search_duplicated_node
30. duplicate_node
31. calc_inveclosure
32. calc_eclosure
33. calc_eclosure_iter
34. fetch_token
35. peek_token
36. peek_token_bracket
37. parse
38. parse_reg_exp
39. parse_branch
40. parse_expression
41. parse_sub_exp
42. parse_dup_op
43. build_range_exp
44. build_collating_symbol
45. parse_bracket_exp
46. parse_bracket_element
47. parse_bracket_symbol
48. build_equiv_class
49. build_charclass
50. build_charclass_op
51. fetch_number
52. free_charset
53. create_tree
54. create_token_tree
55. mark_opt_subexp
56. free_token
57. free_tree
58. duplicate_tree

/* Extended regular expression matching and search library.
   Copyright (C) 2002-2007,2009,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   Contributed by Isamu Hasegawa <isamu@yamato.ibm.com>.

   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Lesser General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
   Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
   02110-1301 USA.  */

#include <stdint.h>

static reg_errcode_t re_compile_internal (regex_t *preg, const char * pattern,
                                          size_t length, reg_syntax_t syntax);
static void re_compile_fastmap_iter (regex_t *bufp,
                                     const re_dfastate_t *init_state,
                                     char *fastmap);
static reg_errcode_t init_dfa (re_dfa_t *dfa, size_t pat_len);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
static void free_charset (re_charset_t *cset);
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
static void free_workarea_compile (regex_t *preg);
static reg_errcode_t create_initial_state (re_dfa_t *dfa);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
static void optimize_utf8 (re_dfa_t *dfa);
#endif
static reg_errcode_t analyze (regex_t *preg);
static reg_errcode_t preorder (bin_tree_t *root,
                               reg_errcode_t (fn (void *, bin_tree_t *)),
                               void *extra);
static reg_errcode_t postorder (bin_tree_t *root,
                                reg_errcode_t (fn (void *, bin_tree_t *)),
                                void *extra);
static reg_errcode_t optimize_subexps (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
static reg_errcode_t lower_subexps (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
static bin_tree_t *lower_subexp (reg_errcode_t *err, regex_t *preg,
                                 bin_tree_t *node);
static reg_errcode_t calc_first (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
static reg_errcode_t calc_next (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
static reg_errcode_t link_nfa_nodes (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
static int duplicate_node (re_dfa_t *dfa, int org_idx, unsigned int constraint);
static int search_duplicated_node (const re_dfa_t *dfa, int org_node,
                                   unsigned int constraint);
static reg_errcode_t calc_eclosure (re_dfa_t *dfa);
static reg_errcode_t calc_eclosure_iter (re_node_set *new_set, re_dfa_t *dfa,
                                         int node, int root);
static reg_errcode_t calc_inveclosure (re_dfa_t *dfa);
static int fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token,
                         reg_syntax_t syntax);
static int peek_token (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input,
                        reg_syntax_t syntax) internal_function;
static bin_tree_t *parse (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
                          reg_syntax_t syntax, reg_errcode_t *err);
static bin_tree_t *parse_reg_exp (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
                                  re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
                                  int nest, reg_errcode_t *err);
static bin_tree_t *parse_branch (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
                                 re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
                                 int nest, reg_errcode_t *err);
static bin_tree_t *parse_expression (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
                                     re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
                                     int nest, reg_errcode_t *err);
static bin_tree_t *parse_sub_exp (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
                                  re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
                                  int nest, reg_errcode_t *err);
static bin_tree_t *parse_dup_op (bin_tree_t *dup_elem, re_string_t *regexp,
                                 re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
                                 reg_syntax_t syntax, reg_errcode_t *err);
static bin_tree_t *parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa,
                                      re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
                                      reg_errcode_t *err);
static reg_errcode_t parse_bracket_element (bracket_elem_t *elem,
                                            re_string_t *regexp,
                                            re_token_t *token, int token_len,
                                            re_dfa_t *dfa,
                                            reg_syntax_t syntax,
                                            int accept_hyphen);
static reg_errcode_t parse_bracket_symbol (bracket_elem_t *elem,
                                          re_string_t *regexp,
                                          re_token_t *token);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
static reg_errcode_t build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset,
                                        re_charset_t *mbcset,
                                        int *equiv_class_alloc,
                                        const unsigned char *name);
static reg_errcode_t build_charclass (RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
                                      bitset_t sbcset,
                                      re_charset_t *mbcset,
                                      int *char_class_alloc,
                                      const char *class_name,
                                      reg_syntax_t syntax);
#else  /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
static reg_errcode_t build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset,
                                        const unsigned char *name);
static reg_errcode_t build_charclass (RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
                                      bitset_t sbcset,
                                      const char *class_name,
                                      reg_syntax_t syntax);
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
static bin_tree_t *build_charclass_op (re_dfa_t *dfa,
                                       RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
                                       const char *class_name,
                                       const char *extra,
                                       int non_match, reg_errcode_t *err);
static bin_tree_t *create_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa,
                                bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
                                re_token_type_t type);
static bin_tree_t *create_token_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa,
                                      bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
                                      const re_token_t *token);
static bin_tree_t *duplicate_tree (const bin_tree_t *src, re_dfa_t *dfa);
static void free_token (re_token_t *node);
static reg_errcode_t free_tree (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
static reg_errcode_t mark_opt_subexp (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);

/* This table gives an error message for each of the error codes listed
   in regex.h.  Obviously the order here has to be same as there.
   POSIX doesn't require that we do anything for REG_NOERROR,
   but why not be nice?  */

const char __re_error_msgid[] attribute_hidden =
  {
#define REG_NOERROR_IDX 0
    gettext_noop ("Success")    /* REG_NOERROR */
    "\0"
#define REG_NOMATCH_IDX (REG_NOERROR_IDX + sizeof "Success")
    gettext_noop ("No match")   /* REG_NOMATCH */
    "\0"
#define REG_BADPAT_IDX  (REG_NOMATCH_IDX + sizeof "No match")
    gettext_noop ("Invalid regular expression") /* REG_BADPAT */
    "\0"
#define REG_ECOLLATE_IDX (REG_BADPAT_IDX + sizeof "Invalid regular expression")
    gettext_noop ("Invalid collation character") /* REG_ECOLLATE */
    "\0"
#define REG_ECTYPE_IDX  (REG_ECOLLATE_IDX + sizeof "Invalid collation character")
    gettext_noop ("Invalid character class name") /* REG_ECTYPE */
    "\0"
#define REG_EESCAPE_IDX (REG_ECTYPE_IDX + sizeof "Invalid character class name")
    gettext_noop ("Trailing backslash") /* REG_EESCAPE */
    "\0"
#define REG_ESUBREG_IDX (REG_EESCAPE_IDX + sizeof "Trailing backslash")
    gettext_noop ("Invalid back reference") /* REG_ESUBREG */
    "\0"
#define REG_EBRACK_IDX  (REG_ESUBREG_IDX + sizeof "Invalid back reference")
    gettext_noop ("Unmatched [ or [^")  /* REG_EBRACK */
    "\0"
#define REG_EPAREN_IDX  (REG_EBRACK_IDX + sizeof "Unmatched [ or [^")
    gettext_noop ("Unmatched ( or \\(") /* REG_EPAREN */
    "\0"
#define REG_EBRACE_IDX  (REG_EPAREN_IDX + sizeof "Unmatched ( or \\(")
    gettext_noop ("Unmatched \\{") /* REG_EBRACE */
    "\0"
#define REG_BADBR_IDX   (REG_EBRACE_IDX + sizeof "Unmatched \\{")
    gettext_noop ("Invalid content of \\{\\}") /* REG_BADBR */
    "\0"
#define REG_ERANGE_IDX  (REG_BADBR_IDX + sizeof "Invalid content of \\{\\}")
    gettext_noop ("Invalid range end")  /* REG_ERANGE */
    "\0"
#define REG_ESPACE_IDX  (REG_ERANGE_IDX + sizeof "Invalid range end")
    gettext_noop ("Memory exhausted") /* REG_ESPACE */
    "\0"
#define REG_BADRPT_IDX  (REG_ESPACE_IDX + sizeof "Memory exhausted")
    gettext_noop ("Invalid preceding regular expression") /* REG_BADRPT */
    "\0"
#define REG_EEND_IDX    (REG_BADRPT_IDX + sizeof "Invalid preceding regular expression")
    gettext_noop ("Premature end of regular expression") /* REG_EEND */
    "\0"
#define REG_ESIZE_IDX   (REG_EEND_IDX + sizeof "Premature end of regular expression")
    gettext_noop ("Regular expression too big") /* REG_ESIZE */
    "\0"
#define REG_ERPAREN_IDX (REG_ESIZE_IDX + sizeof "Regular expression too big")
    gettext_noop ("Unmatched ) or \\)") /* REG_ERPAREN */
  };

const size_t __re_error_msgid_idx[] attribute_hidden =
  {
    REG_NOERROR_IDX,
    REG_NOMATCH_IDX,
    REG_BADPAT_IDX,
    REG_ECOLLATE_IDX,
    REG_ECTYPE_IDX,
    REG_EESCAPE_IDX,
    REG_ESUBREG_IDX,
    REG_EBRACK_IDX,
    REG_EPAREN_IDX,
    REG_EBRACE_IDX,
    REG_BADBR_IDX,
    REG_ERANGE_IDX,
    REG_ESPACE_IDX,
    REG_BADRPT_IDX,
    REG_EEND_IDX,
    REG_ESIZE_IDX,
    REG_ERPAREN_IDX
  };

/* Entry points for GNU code.  */


#ifdef ZOS_USS

/* For ZOS USS we must define btowc */

wchar_t 
btowc (int c)
{
   wchar_t wtmp[2];
   char tmp[2];

   tmp[0] = c;
   tmp[1] = 0;

   mbtowc (wtmp, tmp, 1);
   return wtmp[0];
}
#endif

/* re_compile_pattern is the GNU regular expression compiler: it
   compiles PATTERN (of length LENGTH) and puts the result in BUFP.
   Returns 0 if the pattern was valid, otherwise an error string.

   Assumes the `allocated' (and perhaps `buffer') and `translate' fields
   are set in BUFP on entry.  */

const char *
re_compile_pattern (const char *pattern,
                    size_t length,
                    struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp)
{
  reg_errcode_t ret;

  /* And GNU code determines whether or not to get register information
     by passing null for the REGS argument to re_match, etc., not by
     setting no_sub, unless RE_NO_SUB is set.  */
  bufp->no_sub = !!(re_syntax_options & RE_NO_SUB);

  /* Match anchors at newline.  */
  bufp->newline_anchor = 1;

  ret = re_compile_internal (bufp, pattern, length, re_syntax_options);

  if (!ret)
    return NULL;
  return gettext (__re_error_msgid + __re_error_msgid_idx[(int) ret]);
}
#ifdef _LIBC
weak_alias (__re_compile_pattern, re_compile_pattern)
#endif

/* Set by `re_set_syntax' to the current regexp syntax to recognize.  Can
   also be assigned to arbitrarily: each pattern buffer stores its own
   syntax, so it can be changed between regex compilations.  */
/* This has no initializer because initialized variables in Emacs
   become read-only after dumping.  */
reg_syntax_t re_syntax_options;


/* Specify the precise syntax of regexps for compilation.  This provides
   for compatibility for various utilities which historically have
   different, incompatible syntaxes.

   The argument SYNTAX is a bit mask comprised of the various bits
   defined in regex.h.  We return the old syntax.  */

reg_syntax_t
re_set_syntax (reg_syntax_t syntax)
{
  reg_syntax_t ret = re_syntax_options;

  re_syntax_options = syntax;
  return ret;
}
#ifdef _LIBC
weak_alias (__re_set_syntax, re_set_syntax)
#endif

int
re_compile_fastmap (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) bufp->buffer;
  char *fastmap = bufp->fastmap;

  memset (fastmap, '\0', sizeof (char) * SBC_MAX);
  re_compile_fastmap_iter (bufp, dfa->init_state, fastmap);
  if (dfa->init_state != dfa->init_state_word)
    re_compile_fastmap_iter (bufp, dfa->init_state_word, fastmap);
  if (dfa->init_state != dfa->init_state_nl)
    re_compile_fastmap_iter (bufp, dfa->init_state_nl, fastmap);
  if (dfa->init_state != dfa->init_state_begbuf)
    re_compile_fastmap_iter (bufp, dfa->init_state_begbuf, fastmap);
  bufp->fastmap_accurate = 1;
  return 0;
}
#ifdef _LIBC
weak_alias (__re_compile_fastmap, re_compile_fastmap)
#endif

static inline void
__attribute ((always_inline))
re_set_fastmap (char *fastmap, int icase, int ch)
{
  fastmap[ch] = 1;
  if (icase)
    fastmap[tolower (ch)] = 1;
}

/* Helper function for re_compile_fastmap.
   Compile fastmap for the initial_state INIT_STATE.  */

static void
re_compile_fastmap_iter (regex_t *bufp, const re_dfastate_t *init_state,
                         char *fastmap)
{
  volatile re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) bufp->buffer;
  int node_cnt;
  int icase = (dfa->mb_cur_max == 1 && (bufp->syntax & RE_ICASE));
  for (node_cnt = 0; node_cnt < init_state->nodes.nelem; ++node_cnt)
    {
      int node = init_state->nodes.elems[node_cnt];
      re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[node].type;

      if (type == CHARACTER)
        {
          re_set_fastmap (fastmap, icase, dfa->nodes[node].opr.c);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
          if ((bufp->syntax & RE_ICASE) && dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
            {
              unsigned char *buf = re_malloc (unsigned char, dfa->mb_cur_max), *p;
              wchar_t wc;
              mbstate_t state;

              p = buf;
              *p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
              while (++node < dfa->nodes_len
                     && dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
                     && dfa->nodes[node].mb_partial)
                *p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
              memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (state));
              if (__mbrtowc (&wc, (const char *) buf, p - buf,
                             &state) == p - buf
                  && (__wcrtomb ((char *) buf, towlower (wc), &state)
                      != (size_t) -1))
                re_set_fastmap (fastmap, 0, buf[0]);
              re_free (buf);
            }
#endif
        }
      else if (type == SIMPLE_BRACKET)
        {
          int i, ch;
          for (i = 0, ch = 0; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
            {
              int j;
              bitset_word_t w = dfa->nodes[node].opr.sbcset[i];
              for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORD_BITS; ++j, ++ch)
                if (w & ((bitset_word_t) 1 << j))
                  re_set_fastmap (fastmap, icase, ch);
            }
        }
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
      else if (type == COMPLEX_BRACKET)
        {
          re_charset_t *cset = dfa->nodes[node].opr.mbcset;
          int i;

# ifdef _LIBC
          /* See if we have to try all bytes which start multiple collation
             elements.
             e.g. In da_DK, we want to catch 'a' since "aa" is a valid
                  collation element, and don't catch 'b' since 'b' is
                  the only collation element which starts from 'b' (and
                  it is caught by SIMPLE_BRACKET).  */
              if (_NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES) != 0
                  && (cset->ncoll_syms || cset->nranges))
                {
                  const int32_t *table = (const int32_t *)
                    _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_TABLEMB);
                  for (i = 0; i < SBC_MAX; ++i)
                    if (table[i] < 0)
                      re_set_fastmap (fastmap, icase, i);
                }
# endif /* _LIBC */

          /* See if we have to start the match at all multibyte characters,
             i.e. where we would not find an invalid sequence.  This only
             applies to multibyte character sets; for single byte character
             sets, the SIMPLE_BRACKET again suffices.  */
          if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1
              && (cset->nchar_classes || cset->non_match || cset->nranges
# ifdef _LIBC
                  || cset->nequiv_classes
# endif /* _LIBC */
                 ))
            {
              unsigned char c = 0;
              do
                {
                  mbstate_t mbs;
                  memset (&mbs, 0, sizeof (mbs));
                  if (__mbrtowc (NULL, (char *) &c, 1, &mbs) == (size_t) -2)
                    re_set_fastmap (fastmap, false, (int) c);
                }
              while (++c != 0);
            }

          else
            {
              /* ... Else catch all bytes which can start the mbchars.  */
              for (i = 0; i < cset->nmbchars; ++i)
                {
                  char buf[256];
                  mbstate_t state;
                  memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (state));
                  if (__wcrtomb (buf, cset->mbchars[i], &state) != (size_t) -1)
                    re_set_fastmap (fastmap, icase, *(unsigned char *) buf);
                  if ((bufp->syntax & RE_ICASE) && dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
                    {
                      if (__wcrtomb (buf, towlower (cset->mbchars[i]), &state)
                          != (size_t) -1)
                        re_set_fastmap (fastmap, false, *(unsigned char *) buf);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
      else if (type == OP_PERIOD
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
               || type == OP_UTF8_PERIOD
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
               || type == END_OF_RE)
        {
          memset (fastmap, '\1', sizeof (char) * SBC_MAX);
          if (type == END_OF_RE)
            bufp->can_be_null = 1;
          return;
        }
    }
}

/* Entry point for POSIX code.  */
/* regcomp takes a regular expression as a string and compiles it.

   PREG is a regex_t *.  We do not expect any fields to be initialized,
   since POSIX says we shouldn't.  Thus, we set

     `buffer' to the compiled pattern;
     `used' to the length of the compiled pattern;
     `syntax' to RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED if the
       REG_EXTENDED bit in CFLAGS is set; otherwise, to
       RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC;
     `newline_anchor' to REG_NEWLINE being set in CFLAGS;
     `fastmap' to an allocated space for the fastmap;
     `fastmap_accurate' to zero;
     `re_nsub' to the number of subexpressions in PATTERN.

   PATTERN is the address of the pattern string.

   CFLAGS is a series of bits which affect compilation.

     If REG_EXTENDED is set, we use POSIX extended syntax; otherwise, we
     use POSIX basic syntax.

     If REG_NEWLINE is set, then . and [^...] don't match newline.
     Also, regexec will try a match beginning after every newline.

     If REG_ICASE is set, then we considers upper- and lowercase
     versions of letters to be equivalent when matching.

     If REG_NOSUB is set, then when PREG is passed to regexec, that
     routine will report only success or failure, and nothing about the
     registers.

   It returns 0 if it succeeds, nonzero if it doesn't.  (See regex.h for
   the return codes and their meanings.)  */

int
regcomp (regex_t *__restrict preg,
         const char *__restrict pattern,
         int cflags)
{
  reg_errcode_t ret;
  reg_syntax_t syntax = ((cflags & REG_EXTENDED) ? RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED
                         : RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC);

  preg->buffer = NULL;
  preg->allocated = 0;
  preg->used = 0;

  /* Try to allocate space for the fastmap.  */
  preg->fastmap = re_malloc (char, SBC_MAX);
  if (BE (preg->fastmap == NULL, 0))
    return REG_ESPACE;

  syntax |= (cflags & REG_ICASE) ? RE_ICASE : 0;

  /* If REG_NEWLINE is set, newlines are treated differently.  */
  if (cflags & REG_NEWLINE)
    { /* REG_NEWLINE implies neither . nor [^...] match newline.  */
      syntax &= ~RE_DOT_NEWLINE;
      syntax |= RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE;
      /* It also changes the matching behavior.  */
      preg->newline_anchor = 1;
    }
  else
    preg->newline_anchor = 0;
  preg->no_sub = !!(cflags & REG_NOSUB);
  preg->translate = NULL;

  ret = re_compile_internal (preg, pattern, strlen (pattern), syntax);

  /* POSIX doesn't distinguish between an unmatched open-group and an
     unmatched close-group: both are REG_EPAREN.  */
  if (ret == REG_ERPAREN)
    ret = REG_EPAREN;

  /* We have already checked preg->fastmap != NULL.  */
  if (BE (ret == REG_NOERROR, 1))
    /* Compute the fastmap now, since regexec cannot modify the pattern
       buffer.  This function never fails in this implementation.  */
    (void) re_compile_fastmap (preg);
  else
    {
      /* Some error occurred while compiling the expression.  */
      re_free (preg->fastmap);
      preg->fastmap = NULL;
    }

  return (int) ret;
}
#ifdef _LIBC
weak_alias (__regcomp, regcomp)
#endif

/* Returns a message corresponding to an error code, ERRCODE, returned
   from either regcomp or regexec.   We don't use PREG here.  */

size_t
regerror(int errcode, const regex_t *__restrict preg,
         char *__restrict errbuf, size_t errbuf_size)
{
  const char *msg;
  size_t msg_size;

  if (BE (errcode < 0
          || errcode >= (int) (sizeof (__re_error_msgid_idx)
                               / sizeof (__re_error_msgid_idx[0])), 0))
    /* Only error codes returned by the rest of the code should be passed
       to this routine.  If we are given anything else, or if other regex
       code generates an invalid error code, then the program has a bug.
       Dump core so we can fix it.  */
    abort ();

  msg = gettext (__re_error_msgid + __re_error_msgid_idx[errcode]);

  msg_size = strlen (msg) + 1; /* Includes the null.  */

  if (BE (errbuf_size != 0, 1))
    {
      if (BE (msg_size > errbuf_size, 0))
        {
          memcpy (errbuf, msg, errbuf_size - 1);
          errbuf[errbuf_size - 1] = 0;
        }
      else
        memcpy (errbuf, msg, msg_size);
    }

  return msg_size;
}
#ifdef _LIBC
weak_alias (__regerror, regerror)
#endif


#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
/* This static array is used for the map to single-byte characters when
   UTF-8 is used.  Otherwise we would allocate memory just to initialize
   it the same all the time.  UTF-8 is the preferred encoding so this is
   a worthwhile optimization.  */
#if __GNUC__ >= 3
static const bitset_t utf8_sb_map = {
  /* Set the first 128 bits.  */
  [0 ... 0x80 / BITSET_WORD_BITS - 1] = BITSET_WORD_MAX
};
#else /* ! (__GNUC__ >= 3) */
static bitset_t utf8_sb_map;
#endif /* __GNUC__ >= 3 */
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */


static void
free_dfa_content (re_dfa_t *dfa)
{
  int i, j;

  if (dfa->nodes)
    for (i = 0; i < dfa->nodes_len; ++i)
      free_token (dfa->nodes + i);
  re_free (dfa->nexts);
  for (i = 0; i < dfa->nodes_len; ++i)
    {
      if (dfa->eclosures != NULL)
        re_node_set_free (dfa->eclosures + i);
      if (dfa->inveclosures != NULL)
        re_node_set_free (dfa->inveclosures + i);
      if (dfa->edests != NULL)
        re_node_set_free (dfa->edests + i);
    }
  re_free (dfa->edests);
  re_free (dfa->eclosures);
  re_free (dfa->inveclosures);
  re_free (dfa->nodes);

  if (dfa->state_table)
    for (i = 0; i <= dfa->state_hash_mask; ++i)
      {
        struct re_state_table_entry *entry = dfa->state_table + i;
        for (j = 0; j < entry->num; ++j)
          {
            re_dfastate_t *state = entry->array[j];
            free_state (state);
          }
        re_free (entry->array);
      }
  re_free (dfa->state_table);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  if (dfa->sb_char != utf8_sb_map)
    re_free (dfa->sb_char);
#endif
  re_free (dfa->subexp_map);
#ifdef DEBUG
  re_free (dfa->re_str);
#endif

  re_free (dfa);
}


/* Free dynamically allocated space used by PREG.  */

void
regfree (regex_t *preg)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  if (BE (dfa != NULL, 1))
    free_dfa_content (dfa);
  preg->buffer = NULL;
  preg->allocated = 0;

  re_free (preg->fastmap);
  preg->fastmap = NULL;

  re_free (preg->translate);
  preg->translate = NULL;
}
#ifdef _LIBC
weak_alias (__regfree, regfree)
#endif

/* Entry points compatible with 4.2 BSD regex library.  We don't define
   them unless specifically requested.  */

#if defined _REGEX_RE_COMP || defined _LIBC

/* BSD has one and only one pattern buffer.  */
static struct re_pattern_buffer re_comp_buf;

char *
# ifdef _LIBC
/* Make these definitions weak in libc, so POSIX programs can redefine
   these names if they don't use our functions, and still use
   regcomp/regexec above without link errors.  */
weak_function
# endif
re_comp (s)
     const char *s;
{
  reg_errcode_t ret;
  char *fastmap;

  if (!s)
    {
      if (!re_comp_buf.buffer)
        return gettext ("No previous regular expression");
      return 0;
    }

  if (re_comp_buf.buffer)
    {
      fastmap = re_comp_buf.fastmap;
      re_comp_buf.fastmap = NULL;
      __regfree (&re_comp_buf);
      memset (&re_comp_buf, '\0', sizeof (re_comp_buf));
      re_comp_buf.fastmap = fastmap;
    }

  if (re_comp_buf.fastmap == NULL)
    {
      re_comp_buf.fastmap = (char *) malloc (SBC_MAX);
      if (re_comp_buf.fastmap == NULL)
        return (char *) gettext (__re_error_msgid
                                 + __re_error_msgid_idx[(int) REG_ESPACE]);
    }

  /* Since `re_exec' always passes NULL for the `regs' argument, we
     don't need to initialize the pattern buffer fields which affect it.  */

  /* Match anchors at newlines.  */
  re_comp_buf.newline_anchor = 1;

  ret = re_compile_internal (&re_comp_buf, s, strlen (s), re_syntax_options);

  if (!ret)
    return NULL;

  /* Yes, we're discarding `const' here if !HAVE_LIBINTL.  */
  return (char *) gettext (__re_error_msgid + __re_error_msgid_idx[(int) ret]);
}

#ifdef _LIBC
libc_freeres_fn (free_mem)
{
  __regfree (&re_comp_buf);
}
#endif

#endif /* _REGEX_RE_COMP */

/* Internal entry point.
   Compile the regular expression PATTERN, whose length is LENGTH.
   SYNTAX indicate regular expression's syntax.  */

static reg_errcode_t
re_compile_internal (regex_t *preg, const char * pattern, size_t length,
                     reg_syntax_t syntax)
{
  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;
  re_dfa_t *dfa;
  re_string_t regexp;

  /* Initialize the pattern buffer.  */
  preg->fastmap_accurate = 0;
  preg->syntax = syntax;
  preg->not_bol = preg->not_eol = 0;
  preg->used = 0;
  preg->re_nsub = 0;
  preg->can_be_null = 0;
  preg->regs_allocated = REGS_UNALLOCATED;

  /* Initialize the dfa.  */
  dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  if (BE (preg->allocated < sizeof (re_dfa_t), 0))
    {
      /* If zero allocated, but buffer is non-null, try to realloc
         enough space.  This loses if buffer's address is bogus, but
         that is the user's responsibility.  If ->buffer is NULL this
         is a simple allocation.  */
      dfa = re_realloc (preg->buffer, re_dfa_t, 1);
      if (dfa == NULL)
        return REG_ESPACE;
      preg->allocated = sizeof (re_dfa_t);
      preg->buffer = (unsigned char *) dfa;
    }
  preg->used = sizeof (re_dfa_t);

  err = init_dfa (dfa, length);
  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    {
      free_dfa_content (dfa);
      preg->buffer = NULL;
      preg->allocated = 0;
      return err;
    }
#ifdef DEBUG
  /* Note: length+1 will not overflow since it is checked in init_dfa.  */
  dfa->re_str = re_malloc (char, length + 1);
  strncpy (dfa->re_str, pattern, length + 1);
#endif

  __libc_lock_init (dfa->lock);

  err = re_string_construct (&regexp, pattern, length, preg->translate,
                             syntax & RE_ICASE, dfa);
  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    {
    re_compile_internal_free_return:
      free_workarea_compile (preg);
      re_string_destruct (&regexp);
      free_dfa_content (dfa);
      preg->buffer = NULL;
      preg->allocated = 0;
      return err;
    }

  /* Parse the regular expression, and build a structure tree.  */
  preg->re_nsub = 0;
  dfa->str_tree = parse (&regexp, preg, syntax, &err);
  if (BE (dfa->str_tree == NULL, 0))
    goto re_compile_internal_free_return;

  /* Analyze the tree and create the nfa.  */
  err = analyze (preg);
  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    goto re_compile_internal_free_return;

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  /* If possible, do searching in single byte encoding to speed things up.  */
  if (dfa->is_utf8 && !(syntax & RE_ICASE) && preg->translate == NULL)
    optimize_utf8 (dfa);
#endif

  /* Then create the initial state of the dfa.  */
  err = create_initial_state (dfa);

  /* Release work areas.  */
  free_workarea_compile (preg);
  re_string_destruct (&regexp);

  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    {
      free_dfa_content (dfa);
      preg->buffer = NULL;
      preg->allocated = 0;
    }

  return err;
}

/* Initialize DFA.  We use the length of the regular expression PAT_LEN
   as the initial length of some arrays.  */

static reg_errcode_t
init_dfa (re_dfa_t *dfa, size_t pat_len)
{
  unsigned int table_size;
#ifndef _LIBC
  char *codeset_name;
#endif

  memset (dfa, '\0', sizeof (re_dfa_t));

  /* Force allocation of str_tree_storage the first time.  */
  dfa->str_tree_storage_idx = BIN_TREE_STORAGE_SIZE;

  /* Avoid overflows.  */
  if (pat_len == SIZE_MAX)
    return REG_ESPACE;

  dfa->nodes_alloc = pat_len + 1;
  dfa->nodes = re_malloc (re_token_t, dfa->nodes_alloc);

  /*  table_size = 2 ^ ceil(log pat_len) */
  for (table_size = 1; ; table_size <<= 1)
    if (table_size > pat_len)
      break;

  dfa->state_table = calloc (sizeof (struct re_state_table_entry), table_size);
  dfa->state_hash_mask = table_size - 1;

  dfa->mb_cur_max = MB_CUR_MAX;
#ifdef _LIBC
  if (dfa->mb_cur_max == 6
      && strcmp (_NL_CURRENT (LC_CTYPE, _NL_CTYPE_CODESET_NAME), "UTF-8") == 0)
    dfa->is_utf8 = 1;
  dfa->map_notascii = (_NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_CTYPE, _NL_CTYPE_MAP_TO_NONASCII)
                       != 0);
#else
# ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
  codeset_name = nl_langinfo (CODESET);
# else
  codeset_name = getenv ("LC_ALL");
  if (codeset_name == NULL || codeset_name[0] == '\0')
    codeset_name = getenv ("LC_CTYPE");
  if (codeset_name == NULL || codeset_name[0] == '\0')
    codeset_name = getenv ("LANG");
  if (codeset_name == NULL)
    codeset_name = "";
  else if (strchr (codeset_name, '.') !=  NULL)
    codeset_name = strchr (codeset_name, '.') + 1;
# endif

  /* strcasecmp isn't a standard interface. brute force check */
#if 0
  if (strcasecmp (codeset_name, "UTF-8") == 0
      || strcasecmp (codeset_name, "UTF8") == 0)
    dfa->is_utf8 = 1;
#else
  if (   (codeset_name[0] == 'U' || codeset_name[0] == 'u')
      && (codeset_name[1] == 'T' || codeset_name[1] == 't')
      && (codeset_name[2] == 'F' || codeset_name[2] == 'f')
      && (codeset_name[3] == '-'
          ? codeset_name[4] == '8' && codeset_name[5] == '\0'
          : codeset_name[3] == '8' && codeset_name[4] == '\0'))
    dfa->is_utf8 = 1;
#endif

  /* We check exhaustively in the loop below if this charset is a
     superset of ASCII.  */
  dfa->map_notascii = 0;
#endif

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
    {
      if (dfa->is_utf8)
        {
#if !defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 3
          static short utf8_sb_map_inited = 0;

          if (! utf8_sb_map_inited)
            {
                int i;

                utf8_sb_map_inited = 0;
                for (i = 0; i <= 0x80 / BITSET_WORD_BITS - 1; i++)
                  utf8_sb_map[i] = BITSET_WORD_MAX;
            }
#endif
          dfa->sb_char = (re_bitset_ptr_t) utf8_sb_map;
        }
      else
        {
          int i, j, ch;

          dfa->sb_char = (re_bitset_ptr_t) calloc (sizeof (bitset_t), 1);
          if (BE (dfa->sb_char == NULL, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;

          /* Set the bits corresponding to single byte chars.  */
          for (i = 0, ch = 0; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
            for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORD_BITS; ++j, ++ch)
              {
                wint_t wch = __btowc (ch);
                if (wch != WEOF)
                  dfa->sb_char[i] |= (bitset_word_t) 1 << j;
# ifndef _LIBC
                if (isascii (ch) && wch != ch)
                  dfa->map_notascii = 1;
# endif
              }
        }
    }
#endif

  if (BE (dfa->nodes == NULL || dfa->state_table == NULL, 0))
    return REG_ESPACE;
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Initialize WORD_CHAR table, which indicate which character is
   "word".  In this case "word" means that it is the word construction
   character used by some operators like "\<", "\>", etc.  */

static void
internal_function
init_word_char (re_dfa_t *dfa)
{
  int i, j, ch;
  dfa->word_ops_used = 1;
  for (i = 0, ch = 0; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
    for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORD_BITS; ++j, ++ch)
      if (isalnum (ch) || ch == '_')
        dfa->word_char[i] |= (bitset_word_t) 1 << j;
}

/* Free the work area which are only used while compiling.  */

static void
free_workarea_compile (regex_t *preg)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  bin_tree_storage_t *storage, *next;
  for (storage = dfa->str_tree_storage; storage; storage = next)
    {
      next = storage->next;
      re_free (storage);
    }
  dfa->str_tree_storage = NULL;
  dfa->str_tree_storage_idx = BIN_TREE_STORAGE_SIZE;
  dfa->str_tree = NULL;
  re_free (dfa->org_indices);
  dfa->org_indices = NULL;
}

/* Create initial states for all contexts.  */

static reg_errcode_t
create_initial_state (re_dfa_t *dfa)
{
  int first, i;
  reg_errcode_t err;
  re_node_set init_nodes;

  /* Initial states have the epsilon closure of the node which is
     the first node of the regular expression.  */
  first = dfa->str_tree->first->node_idx;
  dfa->init_node = first;
  err = re_node_set_init_copy (&init_nodes, dfa->eclosures + first);
  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    return err;

  /* The back-references which are in initial states can epsilon transit,
     since in this case all of the subexpressions can be null.
     Then we add epsilon closures of the nodes which are the next nodes of
     the back-references.  */
  if (dfa->nbackref > 0)
    for (i = 0; i < init_nodes.nelem; ++i)
      {
        int node_idx = init_nodes.elems[i];
        re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[node_idx].type;

        int clexp_idx;
        if (type != OP_BACK_REF)
          continue;
        for (clexp_idx = 0; clexp_idx < init_nodes.nelem; ++clexp_idx)
          {
            re_token_t *clexp_node;
            clexp_node = dfa->nodes + init_nodes.elems[clexp_idx];
            if (clexp_node->type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP
                && clexp_node->opr.idx == dfa->nodes[node_idx].opr.idx)
              break;
          }
        if (clexp_idx == init_nodes.nelem)
          continue;

        if (type == OP_BACK_REF)
          {
            int dest_idx = dfa->edests[node_idx].elems[0];
            if (!re_node_set_contains (&init_nodes, dest_idx))
              {
                reg_errcode_t err = re_node_set_merge (&init_nodes,
                                                       dfa->eclosures
                                                       + dest_idx);
                if (err != REG_NOERROR)
                  return err;
                i = 0;
              }
          }
      }

  /* It must be the first time to invoke acquire_state.  */
  dfa->init_state = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &init_nodes, 0);
  /* We don't check ERR here, since the initial state must not be NULL.  */
  if (BE (dfa->init_state == NULL, 0))
    return err;
  if (dfa->init_state->has_constraint)
    {
      dfa->init_state_word = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &init_nodes,
                                                       CONTEXT_WORD);
      dfa->init_state_nl = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &init_nodes,
                                                     CONTEXT_NEWLINE);
      dfa->init_state_begbuf = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa,
                                                         &init_nodes,
                                                         CONTEXT_NEWLINE
                                                         | CONTEXT_BEGBUF);
      if (BE (dfa->init_state_word == NULL || dfa->init_state_nl == NULL
              || dfa->init_state_begbuf == NULL, 0))
        return err;
    }
  else
    dfa->init_state_word = dfa->init_state_nl
      = dfa->init_state_begbuf = dfa->init_state;

  re_node_set_free (&init_nodes);
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
/* If it is possible to do searching in single byte encoding instead of UTF-8
   to speed things up, set dfa->mb_cur_max to 1, clear is_utf8 and change
   DFA nodes where needed.  */

static void
optimize_utf8 (re_dfa_t *dfa)
{
  int node, i, mb_chars = 0, has_period = 0;

  for (node = 0; node < dfa->nodes_len; ++node)
    switch (dfa->nodes[node].type)
      {
      case CHARACTER:
        if (dfa->nodes[node].opr.c >= 0x80)
          mb_chars = 1;
        break;
      case ANCHOR:
        switch (dfa->nodes[node].opr.ctx_type)
          {
          case LINE_FIRST:
          case LINE_LAST:
          case BUF_FIRST:
          case BUF_LAST:
            break;
          default:
            /* Word anchors etc. cannot be handled.  It's okay to test
               opr.ctx_type since constraints (for all DFA nodes) are
               created by ORing one or more opr.ctx_type values.  */
            return;
          }
        break;
      case OP_PERIOD:
        has_period = 1;
        break;
      case OP_BACK_REF:
      case OP_ALT:
      case END_OF_RE:
      case OP_DUP_ASTERISK:
      case OP_OPEN_SUBEXP:
      case OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP:
        break;
      case COMPLEX_BRACKET:
        return;
      case SIMPLE_BRACKET:
        /* Just double check.  The non-ASCII range starts at 0x80.  */
        assert (0x80 % BITSET_WORD_BITS == 0);
        for (i = 0x80 / BITSET_WORD_BITS; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
          if (dfa->nodes[node].opr.sbcset[i])
            return;
        break;
      default:
        abort ();
      }

  if (mb_chars || has_period)
    for (node = 0; node < dfa->nodes_len; ++node)
      {
        if (dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
            && dfa->nodes[node].opr.c >= 0x80)
          dfa->nodes[node].mb_partial = 0;
        else if (dfa->nodes[node].type == OP_PERIOD)
          dfa->nodes[node].type = OP_UTF8_PERIOD;
      }

  /* The search can be in single byte locale.  */
  dfa->mb_cur_max = 1;
  dfa->is_utf8 = 0;
  dfa->has_mb_node = dfa->nbackref > 0 || has_period;
}
#endif

/* Analyze the structure tree, and calculate "first", "next", "edest",
   "eclosure", and "inveclosure".  */

static reg_errcode_t
analyze (regex_t *preg)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  reg_errcode_t ret;

  /* Allocate arrays.  */
  dfa->nexts = re_malloc (int, dfa->nodes_alloc);
  dfa->org_indices = re_malloc (int, dfa->nodes_alloc);
  dfa->edests = re_malloc (re_node_set, dfa->nodes_alloc);
  dfa->eclosures = re_malloc (re_node_set, dfa->nodes_alloc);
  if (BE (dfa->nexts == NULL || dfa->org_indices == NULL || dfa->edests == NULL
          || dfa->eclosures == NULL, 0))
    return REG_ESPACE;

  dfa->subexp_map = re_malloc (int, preg->re_nsub);
  if (dfa->subexp_map != NULL)
    {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < preg->re_nsub; i++)
        dfa->subexp_map[i] = i;
      preorder (dfa->str_tree, optimize_subexps, dfa);
      for (i = 0; i < preg->re_nsub; i++)
        if (dfa->subexp_map[i] != i)
          break;
      if (i == preg->re_nsub)
        {
          free (dfa->subexp_map);
          dfa->subexp_map = NULL;
        }
    }

  ret = postorder (dfa->str_tree, lower_subexps, preg);
  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    return ret;
  ret = postorder (dfa->str_tree, calc_first, dfa);
  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    return ret;
  preorder (dfa->str_tree, calc_next, dfa);
  ret = preorder (dfa->str_tree, link_nfa_nodes, dfa);
  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    return ret;
  ret = calc_eclosure (dfa);
  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    return ret;

  /* We only need this during the prune_impossible_nodes pass in regexec.c;
     skip it if p_i_n will not run, as calc_inveclosure can be quadratic.  */
  if ((!preg->no_sub && preg->re_nsub > 0 && dfa->has_plural_match)
      || dfa->nbackref)
    {
      dfa->inveclosures = re_malloc (re_node_set, dfa->nodes_len);
      if (BE (dfa->inveclosures == NULL, 0))
        return REG_ESPACE;
      ret = calc_inveclosure (dfa);
    }

  return ret;
}

/* Our parse trees are very unbalanced, so we cannot use a stack to
   implement parse tree visits.  Instead, we use parent pointers and
   some hairy code in these two functions.  */
static reg_errcode_t
postorder (bin_tree_t *root, reg_errcode_t (fn (void *, bin_tree_t *)),
           void *extra)
{
  bin_tree_t *node, *prev;

  for (node = root; ; )
    {
      /* Descend down the tree, preferably to the left (or to the right
         if that's the only child).  */
      while (node->left || node->right)
        if (node->left)
          node = node->left;
        else
          node = node->right;

      do
        {
          reg_errcode_t err = fn (extra, node);
          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
            return err;
          if (node->parent == NULL)
            return REG_NOERROR;
          prev = node;
          node = node->parent;
        }
      /* Go up while we have a node that is reached from the right.  */
      while (node->right == prev || node->right == NULL);
      node = node->right;
    }
}

static reg_errcode_t
preorder (bin_tree_t *root, reg_errcode_t (fn (void *, bin_tree_t *)),
          void *extra)
{
  bin_tree_t *node;

  for (node = root; ; )
    {
      reg_errcode_t err = fn (extra, node);
      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
        return err;

      /* Go to the left node, or up and to the right.  */
      if (node->left)
        node = node->left;
      else
        {
          bin_tree_t *prev = NULL;
          while (node->right == prev || node->right == NULL)
            {
              prev = node;
              node = node->parent;
              if (!node)
                return REG_NOERROR;
            }
          node = node->right;
        }
    }
}

/* Optimization pass: if a SUBEXP is entirely contained, strip it and tell
   re_search_internal to map the inner one's opr.idx to this one's.  Adjust
   backreferences as well.  Requires a preorder visit.  */
static reg_errcode_t
optimize_subexps (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) extra;

  if (node->token.type == OP_BACK_REF && dfa->subexp_map)
    {
      int idx = node->token.opr.idx;
      node->token.opr.idx = dfa->subexp_map[idx];
      dfa->used_bkref_map |= 1 << node->token.opr.idx;
    }

  else if (node->token.type == SUBEXP
           && node->left && node->left->token.type == SUBEXP)
    {
      int other_idx = node->left->token.opr.idx;

      node->left = node->left->left;
      if (node->left)
        node->left->parent = node;

      dfa->subexp_map[other_idx] = dfa->subexp_map[node->token.opr.idx];
      if (other_idx < BITSET_WORD_BITS)
          dfa->used_bkref_map &= ~((bitset_word_t) 1 << other_idx);
    }

  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Lowering pass: Turn each SUBEXP node into the appropriate concatenation
   of OP_OPEN_SUBEXP, the body of the SUBEXP (if any) and OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP.  */
static reg_errcode_t
lower_subexps (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
{
  regex_t *preg = (regex_t *) extra;
  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;

  if (node->left && node->left->token.type == SUBEXP)
    {
      node->left = lower_subexp (&err, preg, node->left);
      if (node->left)
        node->left->parent = node;
    }
  if (node->right && node->right->token.type == SUBEXP)
    {
      node->right = lower_subexp (&err, preg, node->right);
      if (node->right)
        node->right->parent = node;
    }

  return err;
}

static bin_tree_t *
lower_subexp (reg_errcode_t *err, regex_t *preg, bin_tree_t *node)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  bin_tree_t *body = node->left;
  bin_tree_t *op, *cls, *tree1, *tree;

  if (preg->no_sub
      /* We do not optimize empty subexpressions, because otherwise we may
         have bad CONCAT nodes with NULL children.  This is obviously not
         very common, so we do not lose much.  An example that triggers
         this case is the sed "script" /\(\)/x.  */
      && node->left != NULL
      && (node->token.opr.idx >= BITSET_WORD_BITS
          || !(dfa->used_bkref_map
               & ((bitset_word_t) 1 << node->token.opr.idx))))
    return node->left;

  /* Convert the SUBEXP node to the concatenation of an
     OP_OPEN_SUBEXP, the contents, and an OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP.  */
  op = create_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, OP_OPEN_SUBEXP);
  cls = create_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP);
  tree1 = body ? create_tree (dfa, body, cls, CONCAT) : cls;
  tree = create_tree (dfa, op, tree1, CONCAT);
  if (BE (tree == NULL || tree1 == NULL || op == NULL || cls == NULL, 0))
    {
      *err = REG_ESPACE;
      return NULL;
    }

  op->token.opr.idx = cls->token.opr.idx = node->token.opr.idx;
  op->token.opt_subexp = cls->token.opt_subexp = node->token.opt_subexp;
  return tree;
}

/* Pass 1 in building the NFA: compute FIRST and create unlinked automaton
   nodes.  Requires a postorder visit.  */
static reg_errcode_t
calc_first (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) extra;
  if (node->token.type == CONCAT)
    {
      node->first = node->left->first;
      node->node_idx = node->left->node_idx;
    }
  else
    {
      node->first = node;
      node->node_idx = re_dfa_add_node (dfa, node->token);
      if (BE (node->node_idx == -1, 0))
        return REG_ESPACE;
      if (node->token.type == ANCHOR)
        dfa->nodes[node->node_idx].constraint = node->token.opr.ctx_type;
    }
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Pass 2: compute NEXT on the tree.  Preorder visit.  */
static reg_errcode_t
calc_next (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
{
  switch (node->token.type)
    {
    case OP_DUP_ASTERISK:
      node->left->next = node;
      break;
    case CONCAT:
      node->left->next = node->right->first;
      node->right->next = node->next;
      break;
    default:
      if (node->left)
        node->left->next = node->next;
      if (node->right)
        node->right->next = node->next;
      break;
    }
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Pass 3: link all DFA nodes to their NEXT node (any order will do).  */
static reg_errcode_t
link_nfa_nodes (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) extra;
  int idx = node->node_idx;
  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;

  switch (node->token.type)
    {
    case CONCAT:
      break;

    case END_OF_RE:
      assert (node->next == NULL);
      break;

    case OP_DUP_ASTERISK:
    case OP_ALT:
      {
        int left, right;
        dfa->has_plural_match = 1;
        if (node->left != NULL)
          left = node->left->first->node_idx;
        else
          left = node->next->node_idx;
        if (node->right != NULL)
          right = node->right->first->node_idx;
        else
          right = node->next->node_idx;
        assert (left > -1);
        assert (right > -1);
        err = re_node_set_init_2 (dfa->edests + idx, left, right);
      }
      break;

    case ANCHOR:
    case OP_OPEN_SUBEXP:
    case OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP:
      err = re_node_set_init_1 (dfa->edests + idx, node->next->node_idx);
      break;

    case OP_BACK_REF:
      dfa->nexts[idx] = node->next->node_idx;
      if (node->token.type == OP_BACK_REF)
        err = re_node_set_init_1 (dfa->edests + idx, dfa->nexts[idx]);
      break;

    default:
      assert (!IS_EPSILON_NODE (node->token.type));
      dfa->nexts[idx] = node->next->node_idx;
      break;
    }

  return err;
}

/* Duplicate the epsilon closure of the node ROOT_NODE.
   Note that duplicated nodes have constraint INIT_CONSTRAINT in addition
   to their own constraint.  */

static reg_errcode_t
internal_function
duplicate_node_closure (re_dfa_t *dfa, int top_org_node, int top_clone_node,
                        int root_node, unsigned int init_constraint)
{
  int org_node, clone_node, ret;
  unsigned int constraint = init_constraint;
  for (org_node = top_org_node, clone_node = top_clone_node;;)
    {
      int org_dest, clone_dest;
      if (dfa->nodes[org_node].type == OP_BACK_REF)
        {
          /* If the back reference epsilon-transit, its destination must
             also have the constraint.  Then duplicate the epsilon closure
             of the destination of the back reference, and store it in
             edests of the back reference.  */
          org_dest = dfa->nexts[org_node];
          re_node_set_empty (dfa->edests + clone_node);
          clone_dest = duplicate_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
          if (BE (clone_dest == -1, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;
          dfa->nexts[clone_node] = dfa->nexts[org_node];
          ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
          if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;
        }
      else if (dfa->edests[org_node].nelem == 0)
        {
          /* In case of the node can't epsilon-transit, don't duplicate the
             destination and store the original destination as the
             destination of the node.  */
          dfa->nexts[clone_node] = dfa->nexts[org_node];
          break;
        }
      else if (dfa->edests[org_node].nelem == 1)
        {
          /* In case of the node can epsilon-transit, and it has only one
             destination.  */
          org_dest = dfa->edests[org_node].elems[0];
          re_node_set_empty (dfa->edests + clone_node);
          /* If the node is root_node itself, it means the epsilon clsoure
             has a loop.   Then tie it to the destination of the root_node.  */
          if (org_node == root_node && clone_node != org_node)
            {
              ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, org_dest);
              if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
                return REG_ESPACE;
              break;
            }
          /* In case of the node has another constraint, add it.  */
          constraint |= dfa->nodes[org_node].constraint;
          clone_dest = duplicate_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
          if (BE (clone_dest == -1, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;
          ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
          if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;
        }
      else /* dfa->edests[org_node].nelem == 2 */
        {
          /* In case of the node can epsilon-transit, and it has two
             destinations. In the bin_tree_t and DFA, that's '|' and '*'.   */
          org_dest = dfa->edests[org_node].elems[0];
          re_node_set_empty (dfa->edests + clone_node);
          /* Search for a duplicated node which satisfies the constraint.  */
          clone_dest = search_duplicated_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
          if (clone_dest == -1)
            {
              /* There is no such duplicated node, create a new one.  */
              reg_errcode_t err;
              clone_dest = duplicate_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
              if (BE (clone_dest == -1, 0))
                return REG_ESPACE;
              ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
              if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
                return REG_ESPACE;
              err = duplicate_node_closure (dfa, org_dest, clone_dest,
                                            root_node, constraint);
              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
                return err;
            }
          else
            {
              /* There is a duplicated node which satisfies the constraint,
                 use it to avoid infinite loop.  */
              ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
              if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
                return REG_ESPACE;
            }

          org_dest = dfa->edests[org_node].elems[1];
          clone_dest = duplicate_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
          if (BE (clone_dest == -1, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;
          ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
          if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;
        }
      org_node = org_dest;
      clone_node = clone_dest;
    }
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Search for a node which is duplicated from the node ORG_NODE, and
   satisfies the constraint CONSTRAINT.  */

static int
search_duplicated_node (const re_dfa_t *dfa, int org_node,
                        unsigned int constraint)
{
  int idx;
  for (idx = dfa->nodes_len - 1; dfa->nodes[idx].duplicated && idx > 0; --idx)
    {
      if (org_node == dfa->org_indices[idx]
          && constraint == dfa->nodes[idx].constraint)
        return idx; /* Found.  */
    }
  return -1; /* Not found.  */
}

/* Duplicate the node whose index is ORG_IDX and set the constraint CONSTRAINT.
   Return the index of the new node, or -1 if insufficient storage is
   available.  */

static int
duplicate_node (re_dfa_t *dfa, int org_idx, unsigned int constraint)
{
  int dup_idx = re_dfa_add_node (dfa, dfa->nodes[org_idx]);
  if (BE (dup_idx != -1, 1))
    {
      dfa->nodes[dup_idx].constraint = constraint;
      dfa->nodes[dup_idx].constraint |= dfa->nodes[org_idx].constraint;
      dfa->nodes[dup_idx].duplicated = 1;

      /* Store the index of the original node.  */
      dfa->org_indices[dup_idx] = org_idx;
    }
  return dup_idx;
}

static reg_errcode_t
calc_inveclosure (re_dfa_t *dfa)
{
  int src, idx, ret;
  for (idx = 0; idx < dfa->nodes_len; ++idx)
    re_node_set_init_empty (dfa->inveclosures + idx);

  for (src = 0; src < dfa->nodes_len; ++src)
    {
      int *elems = dfa->eclosures[src].elems;
      for (idx = 0; idx < dfa->eclosures[src].nelem; ++idx)
        {
          ret = re_node_set_insert_last (dfa->inveclosures + elems[idx], src);
          if (BE (ret == -1, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;
        }
    }

  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Calculate "eclosure" for all the node in DFA.  */

static reg_errcode_t
calc_eclosure (re_dfa_t *dfa)
{
  int node_idx, incomplete;
#ifdef DEBUG
  assert (dfa->nodes_len > 0);
#endif
  incomplete = 0;
  /* For each nodes, calculate epsilon closure.  */
  for (node_idx = 0; ; ++node_idx)
    {
      reg_errcode_t err;
      re_node_set eclosure_elem;
      if (node_idx == dfa->nodes_len)
        {
          if (!incomplete)
            break;
          incomplete = 0;
          node_idx = 0;
        }

#ifdef DEBUG
      assert (dfa->eclosures[node_idx].nelem != -1);
#endif

      /* If we have already calculated, skip it.  */
      if (dfa->eclosures[node_idx].nelem != 0)
        continue;
      /* Calculate epsilon closure of `node_idx'.  */
      err = calc_eclosure_iter (&eclosure_elem, dfa, node_idx, 1);
      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
        return err;

      if (dfa->eclosures[node_idx].nelem == 0)
        {
          incomplete = 1;
          re_node_set_free (&eclosure_elem);
        }
    }
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Calculate epsilon closure of NODE.  */

static reg_errcode_t
calc_eclosure_iter (re_node_set *new_set, re_dfa_t *dfa, int node, int root)
{
  reg_errcode_t err;
  int i;
  re_node_set eclosure;
  int ret;
  int incomplete = 0;
  err = re_node_set_alloc (&eclosure, dfa->edests[node].nelem + 1);
  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    return err;

  /* This indicates that we are calculating this node now.
     We reference this value to avoid infinite loop.  */
  dfa->eclosures[node].nelem = -1;

  /* If the current node has constraints, duplicate all nodes
     since they must inherit the constraints.  */
  if (dfa->nodes[node].constraint
      && dfa->edests[node].nelem
      && !dfa->nodes[dfa->edests[node].elems[0]].duplicated)
    {
      err = duplicate_node_closure (dfa, node, node, node,
                                    dfa->nodes[node].constraint);
      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
        return err;
    }

  /* Expand each epsilon destination nodes.  */
  if (IS_EPSILON_NODE(dfa->nodes[node].type))
    for (i = 0; i < dfa->edests[node].nelem; ++i)
      {
        re_node_set eclosure_elem;
        int edest = dfa->edests[node].elems[i];
        /* If calculating the epsilon closure of `edest' is in progress,
           return intermediate result.  */
        if (dfa->eclosures[edest].nelem == -1)
          {
            incomplete = 1;
            continue;
          }
        /* If we haven't calculated the epsilon closure of `edest' yet,
           calculate now. Otherwise use calculated epsilon closure.  */
        if (dfa->eclosures[edest].nelem == 0)
          {
            err = calc_eclosure_iter (&eclosure_elem, dfa, edest, 0);
            if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
              return err;
          }
        else
          eclosure_elem = dfa->eclosures[edest];
        /* Merge the epsilon closure of `edest'.  */
        err = re_node_set_merge (&eclosure, &eclosure_elem);
        if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
          return err;
        /* If the epsilon closure of `edest' is incomplete,
           the epsilon closure of this node is also incomplete.  */
        if (dfa->eclosures[edest].nelem == 0)
          {
            incomplete = 1;
            re_node_set_free (&eclosure_elem);
          }
      }

  /* An epsilon closure includes itself.  */
  ret = re_node_set_insert (&eclosure, node);
  if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
    return REG_ESPACE;
  if (incomplete && !root)
    dfa->eclosures[node].nelem = 0;
  else
    dfa->eclosures[node] = eclosure;
  *new_set = eclosure;
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Functions for token which are used in the parser.  */

/* Fetch a token from INPUT.
   We must not use this function inside bracket expressions.  */

static void
internal_function
fetch_token (re_token_t *result, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
{
  re_string_skip_bytes (input, peek_token (result, input, syntax));
}

/* Peek a token from INPUT, and return the length of the token.
   We must not use this function inside bracket expressions.  */

static int
internal_function
peek_token (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
{
  unsigned char c;

  if (re_string_eoi (input))
    {
      token->type = END_OF_RE;
      return 0;
    }

  c = re_string_peek_byte (input, 0);
  token->opr.c = c;

  token->word_char = 0;
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  token->mb_partial = 0;
  if (input->mb_cur_max > 1 &&
      !re_string_first_byte (input, re_string_cur_idx (input)))
    {
      token->type = CHARACTER;
      token->mb_partial = 1;
      return 1;
    }
#endif
  if (c == '\\')
    {
      unsigned char c2;
      if (re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1 >= re_string_length (input))
        {
          token->type = BACK_SLASH;
          return 1;
        }

      c2 = re_string_peek_byte_case (input, 1);
      token->opr.c = c2;
      token->type = CHARACTER;
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
      if (input->mb_cur_max > 1)
        {
          wint_t wc = re_string_wchar_at (input,
                                          re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1);
          token->word_char = IS_WIDE_WORD_CHAR (wc) != 0;
        }
      else
#endif
        token->word_char = IS_WORD_CHAR (c2) != 0;

      switch (c2)
        {
        case '|':
          if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && !(syntax & RE_NO_BK_VBAR))
            token->type = OP_ALT;
          break;
        case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5':
        case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_REFS))
            {
              token->type = OP_BACK_REF;
              token->opr.idx = c2 - '1';
            }
          break;
        case '<':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            {
              token->type = ANCHOR;
              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_FIRST;
            }
          break;
        case '>':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            {
              token->type = ANCHOR;
              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_LAST;
            }
          break;
        case 'b':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            {
              token->type = ANCHOR;
              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_DELIM;
            }
          break;
        case 'B':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            {
              token->type = ANCHOR;
              token->opr.ctx_type = NOT_WORD_DELIM;
            }
          break;
        case 'w':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            token->type = OP_WORD;
          break;
        case 'W':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            token->type = OP_NOTWORD;
          break;
        case 's':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            token->type = OP_SPACE;
          break;
        case 'S':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            token->type = OP_NOTSPACE;
          break;
        case '`':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            {
              token->type = ANCHOR;
              token->opr.ctx_type = BUF_FIRST;
            }
          break;
        case '\'':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
            {
              token->type = ANCHOR;
              token->opr.ctx_type = BUF_LAST;
            }
          break;
        case '(':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS))
            token->type = OP_OPEN_SUBEXP;
          break;
        case ')':
          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS))
            token->type = OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP;
          break;
        case '+':
          if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && (syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM))
            token->type = OP_DUP_PLUS;
          break;
        case '?':
          if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && (syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM))
            token->type = OP_DUP_QUESTION;
          break;
        case '{':
          if ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)))
            token->type = OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM;
          break;
        case '}':
          if ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)))
            token->type = OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM;
          break;
        default:
          break;
        }
      return 2;
    }

  token->type = CHARACTER;
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  if (input->mb_cur_max > 1)
    {
      wint_t wc = re_string_wchar_at (input, re_string_cur_idx (input));
      token->word_char = IS_WIDE_WORD_CHAR (wc) != 0;
    }
  else
#endif
    token->word_char = IS_WORD_CHAR (token->opr.c);

  switch (c)
    {
    case '\n':
      if (syntax & RE_NEWLINE_ALT)
        token->type = OP_ALT;
      break;
    case '|':
      if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_VBAR))
        token->type = OP_ALT;
      break;
    case '*':
      token->type = OP_DUP_ASTERISK;
      break;
    case '+':
      if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && !(syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM))
        token->type = OP_DUP_PLUS;
      break;
    case '?':
      if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && !(syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM))
        token->type = OP_DUP_QUESTION;
      break;
    case '{':
      if ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES))
        token->type = OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM;
      break;
    case '}':
      if ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES))
        token->type = OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM;
      break;
    case '(':
      if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS)
        token->type = OP_OPEN_SUBEXP;
      break;
    case ')':
      if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS)
        token->type = OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP;
      break;
    case '[':
      token->type = OP_OPEN_BRACKET;
      break;
    case '.':
      token->type = OP_PERIOD;
      break;
    case '^':
      if (!(syntax & (RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS | RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE)) &&
          re_string_cur_idx (input) != 0)
        {
          char prev = re_string_peek_byte (input, -1);
          if (!(syntax & RE_NEWLINE_ALT) || prev != '\n')
            break;
        }
      token->type = ANCHOR;
      token->opr.ctx_type = LINE_FIRST;
      break;
    case '$':
      if (!(syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS) &&
          re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1 != re_string_length (input))
        {
          re_token_t next;
          re_string_skip_bytes (input, 1);
          peek_token (&next, input, syntax);
          re_string_skip_bytes (input, -1);
          if (next.type != OP_ALT && next.type != OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP)
            break;
        }
      token->type = ANCHOR;
      token->opr.ctx_type = LINE_LAST;
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  return 1;
}

/* Peek a token from INPUT, and return the length of the token.
   We must not use this function out of bracket expressions.  */

static int
internal_function
peek_token_bracket (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
{
  unsigned char c;
  if (re_string_eoi (input))
    {
      token->type = END_OF_RE;
      return 0;
    }
  c = re_string_peek_byte (input, 0);
  token->opr.c = c;

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  if (input->mb_cur_max > 1 &&
      !re_string_first_byte (input, re_string_cur_idx (input)))
    {
      token->type = CHARACTER;
      return 1;
    }
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */

  if (c == '\\' && (syntax & RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS)
      && re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1 < re_string_length (input))
    {
      /* In this case, '\' escape a character.  */
      unsigned char c2;
      re_string_skip_bytes (input, 1);
      c2 = re_string_peek_byte (input, 0);
      token->opr.c = c2;
      token->type = CHARACTER;
      return 1;
    }
  if (c == '[') /* '[' is a special char in a bracket exps.  */
    {
      unsigned char c2;
      int token_len;
      if (re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1 < re_string_length (input))
        c2 = re_string_peek_byte (input, 1);
      else
        c2 = 0;
      token->opr.c = c2;
      token_len = 2;
      switch (c2)
        {
        case '.':
          token->type = OP_OPEN_COLL_ELEM;
          break;
        case '=':
          token->type = OP_OPEN_EQUIV_CLASS;
          break;
        case ':':
          if (syntax & RE_CHAR_CLASSES)
            {
              token->type = OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS;
              break;
            }
          /* else fall through.  */
        default:
          token->type = CHARACTER;
          token->opr.c = c;
          token_len = 1;
          break;
        }
      return token_len;
    }
  switch (c)
    {
    case '-':
      token->type = OP_CHARSET_RANGE;
      break;
    case ']':
      token->type = OP_CLOSE_BRACKET;
      break;
    case '^':
      token->type = OP_NON_MATCH_LIST;
      break;
    default:
      token->type = CHARACTER;
    }
  return 1;
}

/* Functions for parser.  */

/* Entry point of the parser.
   Parse the regular expression REGEXP and return the structure tree.
   If an error has occurred, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
   This function build the following tree, from regular expression <reg_exp>:
           CAT
           / \
          /   \
   <reg_exp>  EOR

   CAT means concatenation.
   EOR means end of regular expression.  */

static bin_tree_t *
parse (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, reg_syntax_t syntax,
       reg_errcode_t *err)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  bin_tree_t *tree, *eor, *root;
  re_token_t current_token;
  dfa->syntax = syntax;
  fetch_token (&current_token, regexp, syntax | RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE);
  tree = parse_reg_exp (regexp, preg, &current_token, syntax, 0, err);
  if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
    return NULL;
  eor = create_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, END_OF_RE);
  if (tree != NULL)
    root = create_tree (dfa, tree, eor, CONCAT);
  else
    root = eor;
  if (BE (eor == NULL || root == NULL, 0))
    {
      *err = REG_ESPACE;
      return NULL;
    }
  return root;
}

/* This function build the following tree, from regular expression
   <branch1>|<branch2>:
           ALT
           / \
          /   \
   <branch1> <branch2>

   ALT means alternative, which represents the operator `|'.  */

static bin_tree_t *
parse_reg_exp (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, re_token_t *token,
               reg_syntax_t syntax, int nest, reg_errcode_t *err)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  bin_tree_t *tree, *branch = NULL;
  tree = parse_branch (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
  if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
    return NULL;

  while (token->type == OP_ALT)
    {
      fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax | RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE);
      if (token->type != OP_ALT && token->type != END_OF_RE
          && (nest == 0 || token->type != OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP))
        {
          branch = parse_branch (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
          if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && branch == NULL, 0))
            return NULL;
        }
      else
        branch = NULL;
      tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, branch, OP_ALT);
      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
        {
          *err = REG_ESPACE;
          return NULL;
        }
    }
  return tree;
}

/* This function build the following tree, from regular expression
   <exp1><exp2>:
        CAT
        / \
       /   \
   <exp1> <exp2>

   CAT means concatenation.  */

static bin_tree_t *
parse_branch (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, re_token_t *token,
              reg_syntax_t syntax, int nest, reg_errcode_t *err)
{
  bin_tree_t *tree, *exp;
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  tree = parse_expression (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
  if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
    return NULL;

  while (token->type != OP_ALT && token->type != END_OF_RE
         && (nest == 0 || token->type != OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP))
    {
      exp = parse_expression (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && exp == NULL, 0))
        {
          return NULL;
        }
      if (tree != NULL && exp != NULL)
        {
          tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, exp, CONCAT);
          if (tree == NULL)
            {
              *err = REG_ESPACE;
              return NULL;
            }
        }
      else if (tree == NULL)
        tree = exp;
      /* Otherwise exp == NULL, we don't need to create new tree.  */
    }
  return tree;
}

/* This function build the following tree, from regular expression a*:
         *
         |
         a
*/

static bin_tree_t *
parse_expression (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, re_token_t *token,
                  reg_syntax_t syntax, int nest, reg_errcode_t *err)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  bin_tree_t *tree;
  switch (token->type)
    {
    case CHARACTER:
      tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
        {
          *err = REG_ESPACE;
          return NULL;
        }
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
      if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
        {
          while (!re_string_eoi (regexp)
                 && !re_string_first_byte (regexp, re_string_cur_idx (regexp)))
            {
              bin_tree_t *mbc_remain;
              fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);
              mbc_remain = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
              tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, mbc_remain, CONCAT);
              if (BE (mbc_remain == NULL || tree == NULL, 0))
                {
                  *err = REG_ESPACE;
                  return NULL;
                }
            }
        }
#endif
      break;
    case OP_OPEN_SUBEXP:
      tree = parse_sub_exp (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest + 1, err);
      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
        return NULL;
      break;
    case OP_OPEN_BRACKET:
      tree = parse_bracket_exp (regexp, dfa, token, syntax, err);
      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
        return NULL;
      break;
    case OP_BACK_REF:
      if (!BE (dfa->completed_bkref_map & (1 << token->opr.idx), 1))
        {
          *err = REG_ESUBREG;
          return NULL;
        }
      dfa->used_bkref_map |= 1 << token->opr.idx;
      tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
        {
          *err = REG_ESPACE;
          return NULL;
        }
      ++dfa->nbackref;
      dfa->has_mb_node = 1;
      break;
    case OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM:
      if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP)
        {
          *err = REG_BADRPT;
          return NULL;
        }
      /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case OP_DUP_ASTERISK:
    case OP_DUP_PLUS:
    case OP_DUP_QUESTION:
      if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS)
        {
          *err = REG_BADRPT;
          return NULL;
        }
      else if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS)
        {
          fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);
          return parse_expression (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
        }
      /* else fall through  */
    case OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP:
      if ((token->type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP) &&
          !(syntax & RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD))
        {
          *err = REG_ERPAREN;
          return NULL;
        }
      /* else fall through  */
    case OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM:
      /* We treat it as a normal character.  */

      /* Then we can these characters as normal characters.  */
      token->type = CHARACTER;
      /* mb_partial and word_char bits should be initialized already
         by peek_token.  */
      tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
        {
          *err = REG_ESPACE;
          return NULL;
        }
      break;
    case ANCHOR:
      if ((token->opr.ctx_type
           & (WORD_DELIM | NOT_WORD_DELIM | WORD_FIRST | WORD_LAST))
          && dfa->word_ops_used == 0)
        init_word_char (dfa);
      if (token->opr.ctx_type == WORD_DELIM
          || token->opr.ctx_type == NOT_WORD_DELIM)
        {
          bin_tree_t *tree_first, *tree_last;
          if (token->opr.ctx_type == WORD_DELIM)
            {
              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_FIRST;
              tree_first = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_LAST;
            }
          else
            {
              token->opr.ctx_type = INSIDE_WORD;
              tree_first = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
              token->opr.ctx_type = INSIDE_NOTWORD;
            }
          tree_last = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
          tree = create_tree (dfa, tree_first, tree_last, OP_ALT);
          if (BE (tree_first == NULL || tree_last == NULL || tree == NULL, 0))
            {
              *err = REG_ESPACE;
              return NULL;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
          if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
            {
              *err = REG_ESPACE;
              return NULL;
            }
        }
      /* We must return here, since ANCHORs can't be followed
         by repetition operators.
         eg. RE"^*" is invalid or "<ANCHOR(^)><CHAR(*)>",
             it must not be "<ANCHOR(^)><REPEAT(*)>".  */
      fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);
      return tree;
    case OP_PERIOD:
      tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
        {
          *err = REG_ESPACE;
          return NULL;
        }
      if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
        dfa->has_mb_node = 1;
      break;
    case OP_WORD:
    case OP_NOTWORD:
      tree = build_charclass_op (dfa, regexp->trans,
                                 "alnum",
                                 "_",
                                 token->type == OP_NOTWORD, err);
      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
        return NULL;
      break;
    case OP_SPACE:
    case OP_NOTSPACE:
      tree = build_charclass_op (dfa, regexp->trans,
                                 "space",
                                 "",
                                 token->type == OP_NOTSPACE, err);
      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
        return NULL;
      break;
    case OP_ALT:
    case END_OF_RE:
      return NULL;
    case BACK_SLASH:
      *err = REG_EESCAPE;
      return NULL;
    default:
      /* Must not happen?  */
#ifdef DEBUG
      assert (0);
#endif
      return NULL;
    }
  fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);

  while (token->type == OP_DUP_ASTERISK || token->type == OP_DUP_PLUS
         || token->type == OP_DUP_QUESTION || token->type == OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM)
    {
      tree = parse_dup_op (tree, regexp, dfa, token, syntax, err);
      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
        return NULL;
      /* In BRE consecutive duplications are not allowed.  */
      if ((syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP)
          && (token->type == OP_DUP_ASTERISK
              || token->type == OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM))
        {
          *err = REG_BADRPT;
          return NULL;
        }
    }

  return tree;
}

/* This function build the following tree, from regular expression
   (<reg_exp>):
         SUBEXP
            |
        <reg_exp>
*/

static bin_tree_t *
parse_sub_exp (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, re_token_t *token,
               reg_syntax_t syntax, int nest, reg_errcode_t *err)
{
  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
  bin_tree_t *tree;
  size_t cur_nsub;
  cur_nsub = preg->re_nsub++;

  fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax | RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE);

  /* The subexpression may be a null string.  */
  if (token->type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP)
    tree = NULL;
  else
    {
      tree = parse_reg_exp (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
      if (BE (*err == REG_NOERROR && token->type != OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP, 0))
        *err = REG_EPAREN;
      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
        return NULL;
    }

  if (cur_nsub <= '9' - '1')
    dfa->completed_bkref_map |= 1 << cur_nsub;

  tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, NULL, SUBEXP);
  if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
    {
      *err = REG_ESPACE;
      return NULL;
    }
  tree->token.opr.idx = cur_nsub;
  return tree;
}

/* This function parse repetition operators like "*", "+", "{1,3}" etc.  */

static bin_tree_t *
parse_dup_op (bin_tree_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa,
              re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax, reg_errcode_t *err)
{
  bin_tree_t *tree = NULL, *old_tree = NULL;
  int i, start, end, start_idx = re_string_cur_idx (regexp);
#ifndef RE_TOKEN_INIT_BUG
  re_token_t start_token = *token;
#else
  re_token_t start_token;

  memcpy ((void *) &start_token, (void *) token, sizeof start_token);
#endif

  if (token->type == OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM)
    {
      end = 0;
      start = fetch_number (regexp, token, syntax);
      if (start == -1)
        {
          if (token->type == CHARACTER && token->opr.c == ',')
            start = 0; /* We treat "{,m}" as "{0,m}".  */
          else
            {
              *err = REG_BADBR; /* <re>{} is invalid.  */
              return NULL;
            }
        }
      if (BE (start != -2, 1))
        {
          /* We treat "{n}" as "{n,n}".  */
          end = ((token->type == OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM) ? start
                 : ((token->type == CHARACTER && token->opr.c == ',')
                    ? fetch_number (regexp, token, syntax) : -2));
        }
      if (BE (start == -2 || end == -2, 0))
        {
          /* Invalid sequence.  */
          if (BE (!(syntax & RE_INVALID_INTERVAL_ORD), 0))
            {
              if (token->type == END_OF_RE)
                *err = REG_EBRACE;
              else
                *err = REG_BADBR;

              return NULL;
            }

          /* If the syntax bit is set, rollback.  */
          re_string_set_index (regexp, start_idx);
          *token = start_token;
          token->type = CHARACTER;
          /* mb_partial and word_char bits should be already initialized by
             peek_token.  */
          return elem;
        }

      if (BE ((end != -1 && start > end) || token->type != OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM, 0))
        {
          /* First number greater than second.  */
          *err = REG_BADBR;
          return NULL;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      start = (token->type == OP_DUP_PLUS) ? 1 : 0;
      end = (token->type == OP_DUP_QUESTION) ? 1 : -1;
    }

  fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);

  if (BE (elem == NULL, 0))
    return NULL;
  if (BE (start == 0 && end == 0, 0))
    {
      postorder (elem, free_tree, NULL);
      return NULL;
    }

  /* Extract "<re>{n,m}" to "<re><re>...<re><re>{0,<m-n>}".  */
  if (BE (start > 0, 0))
    {
      tree = elem;
      for (i = 2; i <= start; ++i)
        {
          elem = duplicate_tree (elem, dfa);
          tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, elem, CONCAT);
          if (BE (elem == NULL || tree == NULL, 0))
            goto parse_dup_op_espace;
        }

      if (start == end)
        return tree;

      /* Duplicate ELEM before it is marked optional.  */
      elem = duplicate_tree (elem, dfa);
      old_tree = tree;
    }
  else
    old_tree = NULL;

  if (elem->token.type == SUBEXP)
    postorder (elem, mark_opt_subexp, (void *) (intptr_t) elem->token.opr.idx);

  tree = create_tree (dfa, elem, NULL, (end == -1 ? OP_DUP_ASTERISK : OP_ALT));
  if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
    goto parse_dup_op_espace;

  /* This loop is actually executed only when end != -1,
     to rewrite <re>{0,n} as (<re>(<re>...<re>?)?)?...  We have
     already created the start+1-th copy.  */
  for (i = start + 2; i <= end; ++i)
    {
      elem = duplicate_tree (elem, dfa);
      tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, elem, CONCAT);
      if (BE (elem == NULL || tree == NULL, 0))
        goto parse_dup_op_espace;

      tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, NULL, OP_ALT);
      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
        goto parse_dup_op_espace;
    }

  if (old_tree)
    tree = create_tree (dfa, old_tree, tree, CONCAT);

  return tree;

 parse_dup_op_espace:
  *err = REG_ESPACE;
  return NULL;
}

/* Size of the names for collating symbol/equivalence_class/character_class.
   I'm not sure, but maybe enough.  */
#define BRACKET_NAME_BUF_SIZE 32

#ifndef _LIBC
  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp only used in case of NOT _LIBC.
     Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
     at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
     RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
     update it.  */

static reg_errcode_t
internal_function
# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
build_range_exp (bitset_t sbcset, re_charset_t *mbcset, int *range_alloc,
                 bracket_elem_t *start_elem, bracket_elem_t *end_elem)
# else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
build_range_exp (bitset_t sbcset, bracket_elem_t *start_elem,
                 bracket_elem_t *end_elem)
# endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
{
  unsigned int start_ch, end_ch;
  /* Equivalence Classes and Character Classes can't be a range start/end.  */
  if (BE (start_elem->type == EQUIV_CLASS || start_elem->type == CHAR_CLASS
          || end_elem->type == EQUIV_CLASS || end_elem->type == CHAR_CLASS,
          0))
    return REG_ERANGE;

  /* We can handle no multi character collating elements without libc
     support.  */
  if (BE ((start_elem->type == COLL_SYM
           && strlen ((char *) start_elem->opr.name) > 1)
          || (end_elem->type == COLL_SYM
              && strlen ((char *) end_elem->opr.name) > 1), 0))
    return REG_ECOLLATE;

# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  {
    wchar_t wc;
    wint_t start_wc;
    wint_t end_wc;
    wchar_t cmp_buf[6] = {L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0'};

    start_ch = ((start_elem->type == SB_CHAR) ? start_elem->opr.ch
                : ((start_elem->type == COLL_SYM) ? start_elem->opr.name[0]
                   : 0));
    end_ch = ((end_elem->type == SB_CHAR) ? end_elem->opr.ch
              : ((end_elem->type == COLL_SYM) ? end_elem->opr.name[0]
                 : 0));
#ifdef GAWK
    /*
     * Fedora Core 2, maybe others, have broken `btowc' that returns -1
     * for any value > 127. Sigh. Note that `start_ch' and `end_ch' are
     * unsigned, so we don't have sign extension problems.
     */
    start_wc = ((start_elem->type == SB_CHAR || start_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
                ? start_ch : start_elem->opr.wch);
    end_wc = ((end_elem->type == SB_CHAR || end_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
              ? end_ch : end_elem->opr.wch);
#else
    start_wc = ((start_elem->type == SB_CHAR || start_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
                ? __btowc (start_ch) : start_elem->opr.wch);
    end_wc = ((end_elem->type == SB_CHAR || end_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
              ? __btowc (end_ch) : end_elem->opr.wch);
#endif
    if (start_wc == WEOF || end_wc == WEOF)
      return REG_ECOLLATE;
    cmp_buf[0] = start_wc;
    cmp_buf[4] = end_wc;
    if (wcscoll (cmp_buf, cmp_buf + 4) > 0)
      return REG_ERANGE;

    /* Got valid collation sequence values, add them as a new entry.
       However, for !_LIBC we have no collation elements: if the
       character set is single byte, the single byte character set
       that we build below suffices.  parse_bracket_exp passes
       no MBCSET if dfa->mb_cur_max == 1.  */
    if (mbcset)
      {
        /* Check the space of the arrays.  */
        if (BE (*range_alloc == mbcset->nranges, 0))
          {
            /* There is not enough space, need realloc.  */
            wchar_t *new_array_start, *new_array_end;
            int new_nranges;

            /* +1 in case of mbcset->nranges is 0.  */
            new_nranges = 2 * mbcset->nranges + 1;
            /* Use realloc since mbcset->range_starts and mbcset->range_ends
               are NULL if *range_alloc == 0.  */
            new_array_start = re_realloc (mbcset->range_starts, wchar_t,
                                          new_nranges);
            new_array_end = re_realloc (mbcset->range_ends, wchar_t,
                                        new_nranges);

            if (BE (new_array_start == NULL || new_array_end == NULL, 0))
              return REG_ESPACE;

            mbcset->range_starts = new_array_start;
            mbcset->range_ends = new_array_end;
            *range_alloc = new_nranges;
          }

        mbcset->range_starts[mbcset->nranges] = start_wc;
        mbcset->range_ends[mbcset->nranges++] = end_wc;
      }

    /* Build the table for single byte characters.  */
    for (wc = 0; wc < SBC_MAX; ++wc)
      {
        cmp_buf[2] = wc;
        if (wcscoll (cmp_buf, cmp_buf + 2) <= 0
            && wcscoll (cmp_buf + 2, cmp_buf + 4) <= 0)
          bitset_set (sbcset, wc);
      }
  }
# else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  {
    unsigned int ch;
    start_ch = ((start_elem->type == SB_CHAR ) ? start_elem->opr.ch
                : ((start_elem->type == COLL_SYM) ? start_elem->opr.name[0]
                   : 0));
    end_ch = ((end_elem->type == SB_CHAR ) ? end_elem->opr.ch
              : ((end_elem->type == COLL_SYM) ? end_elem->opr.name[0]
                 : 0));
    if (start_ch > end_ch)
      return REG_ERANGE;
    /* Build the table for single byte characters.  */
    for (ch = 0; ch < SBC_MAX; ++ch)
      if (start_ch <= ch  && ch <= end_ch)
        bitset_set (sbcset, ch);
  }
# endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  return REG_NOERROR;
}
#endif /* not _LIBC */

#ifndef _LIBC
/* Helper function for parse_bracket_exp only used in case of NOT _LIBC..
   Build the collating element which is represented by NAME.
   The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
   COLL_SYM_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->coll_sym, is a
   pointer argument since we may update it.  */

static reg_errcode_t
internal_function
# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
build_collating_symbol (bitset_t sbcset, re_charset_t *mbcset,
                        int *coll_sym_alloc, const unsigned char *name)
# else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
build_collating_symbol (bitset_t sbcset, const unsigned char *name)
# endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
{
  size_t name_len = strlen ((const char *) name);
  if (BE (name_len != 1, 0))
    return REG_ECOLLATE;
  else
    {
      bitset_set (sbcset, name[0]);
      return REG_NOERROR;
    }
}
#endif /* not _LIBC */

/* This function parse bracket expression like "[abc]", "[a-c]",
   "[[.a-a.]]" etc.  */

static bin_tree_t *
parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
                   reg_syntax_t syntax, reg_errcode_t *err)
{
#ifdef _LIBC
  const unsigned char *collseqmb;
  const char *collseqwc;
  uint32_t nrules;
  int32_t table_size;
  const int32_t *symb_table;
  const unsigned char *extra;

  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
     Seek the collating symbol entry correspondings to NAME.
     Return the index of the symbol in the SYMB_TABLE.  */

  auto inline int32_t
  __attribute ((always_inline))
  seek_collating_symbol_entry (name, name_len)
         const unsigned char *name;
         size_t name_len;
    {
      int32_t hash = elem_hash ((const char *) name, name_len);
      int32_t elem = hash % table_size;
      if (symb_table[2 * elem] != 0)
        {
          int32_t second = hash % (table_size - 2) + 1;

          do
            {
              /* First compare the hashing value.  */
              if (symb_table[2 * elem] == hash
                  /* Compare the length of the name.  */
                  && name_len == extra[symb_table[2 * elem + 1]]
                  /* Compare the name.  */
                  && memcmp (name, &extra[symb_table[2 * elem + 1] + 1],
                             name_len) == 0)
                {
                  /* Yep, this is the entry.  */
                  break;
                }

              /* Next entry.  */
              elem += second;
            }
          while (symb_table[2 * elem] != 0);
        }
      return elem;
    }

  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
     Look up the collation sequence value of BR_ELEM.
     Return the value if succeeded, UINT_MAX otherwise.  */

  auto inline unsigned int
  __attribute ((always_inline))
  lookup_collation_sequence_value (br_elem)
         bracket_elem_t *br_elem;
    {
      if (br_elem->type == SB_CHAR)
        {
          /*
          if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1)
          */
          if (nrules == 0)
            return collseqmb[br_elem->opr.ch];
          else
            {
              wint_t wc = __btowc (br_elem->opr.ch);
              return __collseq_table_lookup (collseqwc, wc);
            }
        }
      else if (br_elem->type == MB_CHAR)
        {
          if (nrules != 0)
            return __collseq_table_lookup (collseqwc, br_elem->opr.wch);
        }
      else if (br_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
        {
          size_t sym_name_len = strlen ((char *) br_elem->opr.name);
          if (nrules != 0)
            {
              int32_t elem, idx;
              elem = seek_collating_symbol_entry (br_elem->opr.name,
                                                  sym_name_len);
              if (symb_table[2 * elem] != 0)
                {
                  /* We found the entry.  */
                  idx = symb_table[2 * elem + 1];
                  /* Skip the name of collating element name.  */
                  idx += 1 + extra[idx];
                  /* Skip the byte sequence of the collating element.  */
                  idx += 1 + extra[idx];
                  /* Adjust for the alignment.  */
                  idx = (idx + 3) & ~3;
                  /* Skip the multibyte collation sequence value.  */
                  idx += sizeof (unsigned int);
                  /* Skip the wide char sequence of the collating element.  */
                  idx += sizeof (unsigned int) *
                    (1 + *(unsigned int *) (extra + idx));
                  /* Return the collation sequence value.  */
                  return *(unsigned int *) (extra + idx);
                }
              else if (symb_table[2 * elem] == 0 && sym_name_len == 1)
                {
                  /* No valid character.  Match it as a single byte
                     character.  */
                  return collseqmb[br_elem->opr.name[0]];
                }
            }
          else if (sym_name_len == 1)
            return collseqmb[br_elem->opr.name[0]];
        }
      return UINT_MAX;
    }

  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
     Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
     at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
     RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
     update it.  */

  auto inline reg_errcode_t
  __attribute ((always_inline))
  build_range_exp (sbcset, mbcset, range_alloc, start_elem, end_elem)
         re_charset_t *mbcset;
         int *range_alloc;
         bitset_t sbcset;
         bracket_elem_t *start_elem, *end_elem;
    {
      unsigned int ch;
      uint32_t start_collseq;
      uint32_t end_collseq;

      /* Equivalence Classes and Character Classes can't be a range
         start/end.  */
      if (BE (start_elem->type == EQUIV_CLASS || start_elem->type == CHAR_CLASS
              || end_elem->type == EQUIV_CLASS || end_elem->type == CHAR_CLASS,
              0))
        return REG_ERANGE;

      start_collseq = lookup_collation_sequence_value (start_elem);
      end_collseq = lookup_collation_sequence_value (end_elem);
      /* Check start/end collation sequence values.  */
      if (BE (start_collseq == UINT_MAX || end_collseq == UINT_MAX, 0))
        return REG_ECOLLATE;
      if (BE ((syntax & RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES) && start_collseq > end_collseq, 0))
        return REG_ERANGE;

      /* Got valid collation sequence values, add them as a new entry.
         However, if we have no collation elements, and the character set
         is single byte, the single byte character set that we
         build below suffices. */
      if (nrules > 0 || dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
        {
          /* Check the space of the arrays.  */
          if (BE (*range_alloc == mbcset->nranges, 0))
            {
              /* There is not enough space, need realloc.  */
              uint32_t *new_array_start;
              uint32_t *new_array_end;
              int new_nranges;

              /* +1 in case of mbcset->nranges is 0.  */
              new_nranges = 2 * mbcset->nranges + 1;
              new_array_start = re_realloc (mbcset->range_starts, uint32_t,
                                            new_nranges);
              new_array_end = re_realloc (mbcset->range_ends, uint32_t,
                                          new_nranges);

              if (BE (new_array_start == NULL || new_array_end == NULL, 0))
                return REG_ESPACE;

              mbcset->range_starts = new_array_start;
              mbcset->range_ends = new_array_end;
              *range_alloc = new_nranges;
            }

          mbcset->range_starts[mbcset->nranges] = start_collseq;
          mbcset->range_ends[mbcset->nranges++] = end_collseq;
        }

      /* Build the table for single byte characters.  */
      for (ch = 0; ch < SBC_MAX; ch++)
        {
          uint32_t ch_collseq;
          /*
          if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1)
          */
          if (nrules == 0)
            ch_collseq = collseqmb[ch];
          else
            ch_collseq = __collseq_table_lookup (collseqwc, __btowc (ch));
          if (start_collseq <= ch_collseq && ch_collseq <= end_collseq)
            bitset_set (sbcset, ch);
        }
      return REG_NOERROR;
    }

  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
     Build the collating element which is represented by NAME.
     The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
     COLL_SYM_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->coll_sym, is a
     pointer argument since we may update it.  */

  auto inline reg_errcode_t
  __attribute ((always_inline))
  build_collating_symbol (sbcset, mbcset, coll_sym_alloc, name)
         re_charset_t *mbcset;
         int *coll_sym_alloc;
         bitset_t sbcset;
         const unsigned char *name;
    {
      int32_t elem, idx;
      size_t name_len = strlen ((const char *) name);
      if (nrules != 0)
        {
          elem = seek_collating_symbol_entry (name, name_len);
          if (symb_table[2 * elem] != 0)
            {
              /* We found the entry.  */
              idx = symb_table[2 * elem + 1];
              /* Skip the name of collating element name.  */
              idx += 1 + extra[idx];
            }
          else if (symb_table[2 * elem] == 0 && name_len == 1)
            {
              /* No valid character, treat it as a normal
                 character.  */
              bitset_set (sbcset, name[0]);
              return REG_NOERROR;
            }
          else
            return REG_ECOLLATE;

          /* Got valid collation sequence, add it as a new entry.  */
          /* Check the space of the arrays.  */
          if (BE (*coll_sym_alloc == mbcset->ncoll_syms, 0))
            {
              /* Not enough, realloc it.  */
              /* +1 in case of mbcset->ncoll_syms is 0.  */
              int new_coll_sym_alloc = 2 * mbcset->ncoll_syms + 1;
              /* Use realloc since mbcset->coll_syms is NULL
                 if *alloc == 0.  */
              int32_t *new_coll_syms = re_realloc (mbcset->coll_syms, int32_t,
                                                   new_coll_sym_alloc);
              if (BE (new_coll_syms == NULL, 0))
                return REG_ESPACE;
              mbcset->coll_syms = new_coll_syms;
              *coll_sym_alloc = new_coll_sym_alloc;
            }
          mbcset->coll_syms[mbcset->ncoll_syms++] = idx;
          return REG_NOERROR;
        }
      else
        {
          if (BE (name_len != 1, 0))
            return REG_ECOLLATE;
          else
            {
              bitset_set (sbcset, name[0]);
              return REG_NOERROR;
            }
        }
    }
#endif

  re_token_t br_token;
  re_bitset_ptr_t sbcset;
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  re_charset_t *mbcset;
  int coll_sym_alloc = 0, range_alloc = 0, mbchar_alloc = 0;
  int equiv_class_alloc = 0, char_class_alloc = 0;
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  int non_match = 0;
  bin_tree_t *work_tree;
  int token_len;
  int first_round = 1;
#ifdef _LIBC
  collseqmb = (const unsigned char *)
    _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_COLLSEQMB);
  nrules = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES);
  if (nrules)
    {
      /*
      if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
      */
      collseqwc = _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_COLLSEQWC);
      table_size = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_HASH_SIZEMB);
      symb_table = (const int32_t *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
                                                  _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_TABLEMB);
      extra = (const unsigned char *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
                                                   _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_EXTRAMB);
    }
#endif
  sbcset = (re_bitset_ptr_t) calloc (sizeof (bitset_t), 1);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  mbcset = (re_charset_t *) calloc (sizeof (re_charset_t), 1);
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  if (BE (sbcset == NULL || mbcset == NULL, 0))
#else
  if (BE (sbcset == NULL, 0))
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
    {
      *err = REG_ESPACE;
      return NULL;
    }

  token_len = peek_token_bracket (token, regexp, syntax);
  if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
    {
      *err = REG_BADPAT;
      goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
    }
  if (token->type == OP_NON_MATCH_LIST)
    {
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
      mbcset->non_match = 1;
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
      non_match = 1;
      if (syntax & RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE)
        bitset_set (sbcset, '\n');
      re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, token_len); /* Skip a token.  */
      token_len = peek_token_bracket (token, regexp, syntax);
      if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
        {
          *err = REG_BADPAT;
          goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
        }
    }

  /* We treat the first ']' as a normal character.  */
  if (token->type == OP_CLOSE_BRACKET)
    token->type = CHARACTER;

  while (1)
    {
      bracket_elem_t start_elem, end_elem;
      unsigned char start_name_buf[BRACKET_NAME_BUF_SIZE];
      unsigned char end_name_buf[BRACKET_NAME_BUF_SIZE];
      reg_errcode_t ret;
      int token_len2 = 0, is_range_exp = 0;
      re_token_t token2;

      start_elem.opr.name = start_name_buf;
      ret = parse_bracket_element (&start_elem, regexp, token, token_len, dfa,
                                   syntax, first_round);
      if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
        {
          *err = ret;
          goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
        }
      first_round = 0;

      /* Get information about the next token.  We need it in any case.  */
      token_len = peek_token_bracket (token, regexp, syntax);

      /* Do not check for ranges if we know they are not allowed.  */
      if (start_elem.type != CHAR_CLASS && start_elem.type != EQUIV_CLASS)
        {
          if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
            {
              *err = REG_EBRACK;
              goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
            }
          if (token->type == OP_CHARSET_RANGE)
            {
              re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, token_len); /* Skip '-'.  */
              token_len2 = peek_token_bracket (&token2, regexp, syntax);
              if (BE (token2.type == END_OF_RE, 0))
                {
                  *err = REG_EBRACK;
                  goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
                }
              if (token2.type == OP_CLOSE_BRACKET)
                {
                  /* We treat the last '-' as a normal character.  */
                  re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, -token_len);
                  token->type = CHARACTER;
                }
              else
                is_range_exp = 1;
            }
        }

      if (is_range_exp == 1)
        {
          end_elem.opr.name = end_name_buf;
          ret = parse_bracket_element (&end_elem, regexp, &token2, token_len2,
                                       dfa, syntax, 1);
          if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
            {
              *err = ret;
              goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
            }

          token_len = peek_token_bracket (token, regexp, syntax);

#ifdef _LIBC
          *err = build_range_exp (sbcset, mbcset, &range_alloc,
                                  &start_elem, &end_elem);
#else
# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
          *err = build_range_exp (sbcset,
                                  dfa->mb_cur_max > 1 ? mbcset : NULL,
                                  &range_alloc, &start_elem, &end_elem);
# else
          *err = build_range_exp (sbcset, &start_elem, &end_elem);
# endif
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
          if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
            goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
        }
      else
        {
          switch (start_elem.type)
            {
            case SB_CHAR:
              bitset_set (sbcset, start_elem.opr.ch);
              break;
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
            case MB_CHAR:
              /* Check whether the array has enough space.  */
              if (BE (mbchar_alloc == mbcset->nmbchars, 0))
                {
                  wchar_t *new_mbchars;
                  /* Not enough, realloc it.  */
                  /* +1 in case of mbcset->nmbchars is 0.  */
                  mbchar_alloc = 2 * mbcset->nmbchars + 1;
                  /* Use realloc since array is NULL if *alloc == 0.  */
                  new_mbchars = re_realloc (mbcset->mbchars, wchar_t,
                                            mbchar_alloc);
                  if (BE (new_mbchars == NULL, 0))
                    goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
                  mbcset->mbchars = new_mbchars;
                }
              mbcset->mbchars[mbcset->nmbchars++] = start_elem.opr.wch;
              break;
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
            case EQUIV_CLASS:
              *err = build_equiv_class (sbcset,
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
                                        mbcset, &equiv_class_alloc,
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
                                        start_elem.opr.name);
              if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
                goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
              break;
            case COLL_SYM:
              *err = build_collating_symbol (sbcset,
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
                                             mbcset, &coll_sym_alloc,
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
                                             start_elem.opr.name);
              if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
                goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
              break;
            case CHAR_CLASS:
              *err = build_charclass (regexp->trans, sbcset,
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
                                      mbcset, &char_class_alloc,
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
                                      (const char *) start_elem.opr.name, syntax);
              if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
               goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
              break;
            default:
              assert (0);
              break;
            }
        }
      if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
        {
          *err = REG_EBRACK;
          goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
        }
      if (token->type == OP_CLOSE_BRACKET)
        break;
    }

  re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, token_len); /* Skip a token.  */

  /* If it is non-matching list.  */
  if (non_match)
    bitset_not (sbcset);

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  /* Ensure only single byte characters are set.  */
  if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
    bitset_mask (sbcset, dfa->sb_char);

  if (mbcset->nmbchars || mbcset->ncoll_syms || mbcset->nequiv_classes
      || mbcset->nranges || (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1 && (mbcset->nchar_classes
                                                     || mbcset->non_match)))
    {
      bin_tree_t *mbc_tree;
      int sbc_idx;
      /* Build a tree for complex bracket.  */
      dfa->has_mb_node = 1;
      br_token.type = COMPLEX_BRACKET;
      br_token.opr.mbcset = mbcset;
      mbc_tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
      if (BE (mbc_tree == NULL, 0))
        goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
      for (sbc_idx = 0; sbc_idx < BITSET_WORDS; ++sbc_idx)
        if (sbcset[sbc_idx])
          break;
      /* If there are no bits set in sbcset, there is no point
         of having both SIMPLE_BRACKET and COMPLEX_BRACKET.  */
      if (sbc_idx < BITSET_WORDS)
        {
          /* Build a tree for simple bracket.  */
          br_token.type = SIMPLE_BRACKET;
          br_token.opr.sbcset = sbcset;
          work_tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
          if (BE (work_tree == NULL, 0))
            goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;

          /* Then join them by ALT node.  */
          work_tree = create_tree (dfa, work_tree, mbc_tree, OP_ALT);
          if (BE (work_tree == NULL, 0))
            goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
        }
      else
        {
          re_free (sbcset);
          work_tree = mbc_tree;
        }
    }
  else
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
    {
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
      free_charset (mbcset);
#endif
      /* Build a tree for simple bracket.  */
      br_token.type = SIMPLE_BRACKET;
      br_token.opr.sbcset = sbcset;
      work_tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
      if (BE (work_tree == NULL, 0))
        goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
    }
  return work_tree;

 parse_bracket_exp_espace:
  *err = REG_ESPACE;
 parse_bracket_exp_free_return:
  re_free (sbcset);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  free_charset (mbcset);
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  return NULL;
}

/* Parse an element in the bracket expression.  */

static reg_errcode_t
parse_bracket_element (bracket_elem_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp,
                       re_token_t *token, int token_len, re_dfa_t *dfa,
                       reg_syntax_t syntax, int accept_hyphen)
{
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  int cur_char_size;
  cur_char_size = re_string_char_size_at (regexp, re_string_cur_idx (regexp));
  if (cur_char_size > 1)
    {
      elem->type = MB_CHAR;
      elem->opr.wch = re_string_wchar_at (regexp, re_string_cur_idx (regexp));
      re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, cur_char_size);
      return REG_NOERROR;
    }
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, token_len); /* Skip a token.  */
  if (token->type == OP_OPEN_COLL_ELEM || token->type == OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS
      || token->type == OP_OPEN_EQUIV_CLASS)
    return parse_bracket_symbol (elem, regexp, token);
  if (BE (token->type == OP_CHARSET_RANGE, 0) && !accept_hyphen)
    {
      /* A '-' must only appear as anything but a range indicator before
         the closing bracket.  Everything else is an error.  */
      re_token_t token2;
      (void) peek_token_bracket (&token2, regexp, syntax);
      if (token2.type != OP_CLOSE_BRACKET)
        /* The actual error value is not standardized since this whole
           case is undefined.  But ERANGE makes good sense.  */
        return REG_ERANGE;
    }
  elem->type = SB_CHAR;
  elem->opr.ch = token->opr.c;
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Parse a bracket symbol in the bracket expression.  Bracket symbols are
   such as [:<character_class>:], [.<collating_element>.], and
   [=<equivalent_class>=].  */

static reg_errcode_t
parse_bracket_symbol (bracket_elem_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp,
                      re_token_t *token)
{
  unsigned char ch, delim = token->opr.c;
  int i = 0;
  if (re_string_eoi(regexp))
    return REG_EBRACK;
  for (;; ++i)
    {
      if (i >= BRACKET_NAME_BUF_SIZE)
        return REG_EBRACK;
      if (token->type == OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS)
        ch = re_string_fetch_byte_case (regexp);
      else
        ch = re_string_fetch_byte (regexp);
      if (re_string_eoi(regexp))
        return REG_EBRACK;
      if (ch == delim && re_string_peek_byte (regexp, 0) == ']')
        break;
      elem->opr.name[i] = ch;
    }
  re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, 1);
  elem->opr.name[i] = '\0';
  switch (token->type)
    {
    case OP_OPEN_COLL_ELEM:
      elem->type = COLL_SYM;
      break;
    case OP_OPEN_EQUIV_CLASS:
      elem->type = EQUIV_CLASS;
      break;
    case OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS:
      elem->type = CHAR_CLASS;
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

  /* Helper function for parse_bracket_exp.
     Build the equivalence class which is represented by NAME.
     The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
     EQUIV_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->equiv_classes,
     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */

static reg_errcode_t
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset, re_charset_t *mbcset,
                   int *equiv_class_alloc, const unsigned char *name)
#else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset, const unsigned char *name)
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
{
#ifdef _LIBC
  uint32_t nrules = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES);
  if (nrules != 0)
    {
      const int32_t *table, *indirect;
      const unsigned char *weights, *extra, *cp;
      unsigned char char_buf[2];
      int32_t idx1, idx2;
      unsigned int ch;
      size_t len;
      /* This #include defines a local function!  */
# include <locale/weight.h>
      /* Calculate the index for equivalence class.  */
      cp = name;
      table = (const int32_t *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_TABLEMB);
      weights = (const unsigned char *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
                                               _NL_COLLATE_WEIGHTMB);
      extra = (const unsigned char *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
                                                   _NL_COLLATE_EXTRAMB);
      indirect = (const int32_t *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
                                                _NL_COLLATE_INDIRECTMB);
      idx1 = findidx (&cp);
      if (BE (idx1 == 0 || cp < name + strlen ((const char *) name), 0))
        /* This isn't a valid character.  */
        return REG_ECOLLATE;

      /* Build single byte matcing table for this equivalence class.  */
      char_buf[1] = (unsigned char) '\0';
      len = weights[idx1 & 0xffffff];
      for (ch = 0; ch < SBC_MAX; ++ch)
        {
          char_buf[0] = ch;
          cp = char_buf;
          idx2 = findidx (&cp);
/*
          idx2 = table[ch];
*/
          if (idx2 == 0)
            /* This isn't a valid character.  */
            continue;
          /* Compare only if the length matches and the collation rule
             index is the same.  */
          if (len == weights[idx2 & 0xffffff] && (idx1 >> 24) == (idx2 >> 24))
            {
              int cnt = 0;

              while (cnt <= len &&
                     weights[(idx1 & 0xffffff) + 1 + cnt]
                     == weights[(idx2 & 0xffffff) + 1 + cnt])
                ++cnt;

              if (cnt > len)
                bitset_set (sbcset, ch);
            }
        }
      /* Check whether the array has enough space.  */
      if (BE (*equiv_class_alloc == mbcset->nequiv_classes, 0))
        {
          /* Not enough, realloc it.  */
          /* +1 in case of mbcset->nequiv_classes is 0.  */
          int new_equiv_class_alloc = 2 * mbcset->nequiv_classes + 1;
          /* Use realloc since the array is NULL if *alloc == 0.  */
          int32_t *new_equiv_classes = re_realloc (mbcset->equiv_classes,
                                                   int32_t,
                                                   new_equiv_class_alloc);
          if (BE (new_equiv_classes == NULL, 0))
            return REG_ESPACE;
          mbcset->equiv_classes = new_equiv_classes;
          *equiv_class_alloc = new_equiv_class_alloc;
        }
      mbcset->equiv_classes[mbcset->nequiv_classes++] = idx1;
    }
  else
#endif /* _LIBC */
    {
      if (BE (strlen ((const char *) name) != 1, 0))
        return REG_ECOLLATE;
      bitset_set (sbcset, *name);
    }
  return REG_NOERROR;
}

  /* Helper function for parse_bracket_exp.
     Build the character class which is represented by NAME.
     The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
     CHAR_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->char_classes,
     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */

static reg_errcode_t
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
build_charclass (RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans, bitset_t sbcset,
                 re_charset_t *mbcset, int *char_class_alloc,
                 const char *class_name, reg_syntax_t syntax)
#else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
build_charclass (RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans, bitset_t sbcset,
                 const char *class_name, reg_syntax_t syntax)
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
{
  int i;

  /* In case of REG_ICASE "upper" and "lower" match the both of
     upper and lower cases.  */
  if ((syntax & RE_ICASE)
      && (strcmp (class_name, "upper") == 0 || strcmp (class_name, "lower") == 0))
    class_name = "alpha";

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  /* Check the space of the arrays.  */
  if (BE (*char_class_alloc == mbcset->nchar_classes, 0))
    {
      /* Not enough, realloc it.  */
      /* +1 in case of mbcset->nchar_classes is 0.  */
      int new_char_class_alloc = 2 * mbcset->nchar_classes + 1;
      /* Use realloc since array is NULL if *alloc == 0.  */
      wctype_t *new_char_classes = re_realloc (mbcset->char_classes, wctype_t,
                                               new_char_class_alloc);
      if (BE (new_char_classes == NULL, 0))
        return REG_ESPACE;
      mbcset->char_classes = new_char_classes;
      *char_class_alloc = new_char_class_alloc;
    }
  mbcset->char_classes[mbcset->nchar_classes++] = __wctype (class_name);
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */

#define BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP(ctype_func)        \
  do {                                          \
    if (BE (trans != NULL, 0))                  \
      {                                         \
        for (i = 0; i < SBC_MAX; ++i)           \
          if (ctype_func (i))                   \
            bitset_set (sbcset, trans[i]);      \
      }                                         \
    else                                        \
      {                                         \
        for (i = 0; i < SBC_MAX; ++i)           \
          if (ctype_func (i))                   \
            bitset_set (sbcset, i);             \
      }                                         \
  } while (0)

  if (strcmp (class_name, "alnum") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isalnum);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "cntrl") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (iscntrl);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "lower") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (islower);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "space") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isspace);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "alpha") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isalpha);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "digit") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isdigit);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "print") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isprint);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "upper") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isupper);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "blank") == 0)
#ifndef GAWK
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isblank);
#else
    /* see comments above */
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (is_blank);
#endif
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "graph") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isgraph);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "punct") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (ispunct);
  else if (strcmp (class_name, "xdigit") == 0)
    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isxdigit);
  else
    return REG_ECTYPE;

  return REG_NOERROR;
}

static bin_tree_t *
build_charclass_op (re_dfa_t *dfa, RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
                    const char *class_name,
                    const char *extra, int non_match,
                    reg_errcode_t *err)
{
  re_bitset_ptr_t sbcset;
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  re_charset_t *mbcset;
  int alloc = 0;
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  reg_errcode_t ret;
  re_token_t br_token;
  bin_tree_t *tree;

  sbcset = (re_bitset_ptr_t) calloc (sizeof (bitset_t), 1);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  mbcset = (re_charset_t *) calloc (sizeof (re_charset_t), 1);
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  if (BE (sbcset == NULL || mbcset == NULL, 0))
#else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  if (BE (sbcset == NULL, 0))
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
    {
      *err = REG_ESPACE;
      return NULL;
    }

  if (non_match)
    {
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
      mbcset->non_match = 1;
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
    }

  /* We don't care the syntax in this case.  */
  ret = build_charclass (trans, sbcset,
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
                         mbcset, &alloc,
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
                         class_name, 0);

  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
    {
      re_free (sbcset);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
      free_charset (mbcset);
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
      *err = ret;
      return NULL;
    }
  /* \w match '_' also.  */
  for (; *extra; extra++)
    bitset_set (sbcset, *extra);

  /* If it is non-matching list.  */
  if (non_match)
    bitset_not (sbcset);

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  /* Ensure only single byte characters are set.  */
  if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
    bitset_mask (sbcset, dfa->sb_char);
#endif

  /* Build a tree for simple bracket.  */
  br_token.type = SIMPLE_BRACKET;
  br_token.opr.sbcset = sbcset;
  tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
  if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
    goto build_word_op_espace;

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
    {
      bin_tree_t *mbc_tree;
      /* Build a tree for complex bracket.  */
      br_token.type = COMPLEX_BRACKET;
      br_token.opr.mbcset = mbcset;
      dfa->has_mb_node = 1;
      mbc_tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
      if (BE (mbc_tree == NULL, 0))
        goto build_word_op_espace;
      /* Then join them by ALT node.  */
      tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, mbc_tree, OP_ALT);
      if (BE (mbc_tree != NULL, 1))
        return tree;
    }
  else
    {
      free_charset (mbcset);
      return tree;
    }
#else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  return tree;
#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */

 build_word_op_espace:
  re_free (sbcset);
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  free_charset (mbcset);
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
  *err = REG_ESPACE;
  return NULL;
}

/* This is intended for the expressions like "a{1,3}".
   Fetch a number from `input', and return the number.
   Return -1, if the number field is empty like "{,1}".
   Return -2, if an error has occurred.  */

static int
fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax)
{
  int num = -1;
  unsigned char c;
  while (1)
    {
      fetch_token (token, input, syntax);
      c = token->opr.c;
      if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
        return -2;
      if (token->type == OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM || c == ',')
        break;
      num = ((token->type != CHARACTER || c < '0' || '9' < c || num == -2)
             ? -2 : ((num == -1) ? c - '0' : num * 10 + c - '0'));
      num = (num > RE_DUP_MAX) ? -2 : num;
    }
  return num;
}

#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
static void
free_charset (re_charset_t *cset)
{
  re_free (cset->mbchars);
# ifdef _LIBC
  re_free (cset->coll_syms);
  re_free (cset->equiv_classes);
  re_free (cset->range_starts);
  re_free (cset->range_ends);
# endif
  re_free (cset->char_classes);
  re_free (cset);
}
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */

/* Functions for binary tree operation.  */

/* Create a tree node.  */

static bin_tree_t *
create_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa, bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
             re_token_type_t type)
{
  re_token_t t;
  t.type = type;
  return create_token_tree (dfa, left, right, &t);
}

static bin_tree_t *
create_token_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa, bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
                   const re_token_t *token)
{
  bin_tree_t *tree;
  if (BE (dfa->str_tree_storage_idx == BIN_TREE_STORAGE_SIZE, 0))
    {
      bin_tree_storage_t *storage = re_malloc (bin_tree_storage_t, 1);

      if (storage == NULL)
        return NULL;
      storage->next = dfa->str_tree_storage;
      dfa->str_tree_storage = storage;
      dfa->str_tree_storage_idx = 0;
    }
  tree = &dfa->str_tree_storage->data[dfa->str_tree_storage_idx++];

  tree->parent = NULL;
  tree->left = left;
  tree->right = right;
  tree->token = *token;
  tree->token.duplicated = 0;
  tree->token.opt_subexp = 0;
  tree->first = NULL;
  tree->next = NULL;
  tree->node_idx = -1;

  if (left != NULL)
    left->parent = tree;
  if (right != NULL)
    right->parent = tree;
  return tree;
}

/* Mark the tree SRC as an optional subexpression.
   To be called from preorder or postorder.  */

static reg_errcode_t
mark_opt_subexp (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
{
  int idx = (int) (intptr_t) extra;
  if (node->token.type == SUBEXP && node->token.opr.idx == idx)
    node->token.opt_subexp = 1;

  return REG_NOERROR;
}

/* Free the allocated memory inside NODE. */

static void
free_token (re_token_t *node)
{
#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
  if (node->type == COMPLEX_BRACKET && node->duplicated == 0)
    free_charset (node->opr.mbcset);
  else
#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
    if (node->type == SIMPLE_BRACKET && node->duplicated == 0)
      re_free (node->opr.sbcset);
}

/* Worker function for tree walking.  Free the allocated memory inside NODE
   and its children. */

static reg_errcode_t
free_tree (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
{
  free_token (&node->token);
  return REG_NOERROR;
}


/* Duplicate the node SRC, and return new node.  This is a preorder
   visit similar to the one implemented by the generic visitor, but
   we need more infrastructure to maintain two parallel trees --- so,
   it's easier to duplicate.  */

static bin_tree_t *
duplicate_tree (const bin_tree_t *root, re_dfa_t *dfa)
{
  const bin_tree_t *node;
  bin_tree_t *dup_root;
  bin_tree_t **p_new = &dup_root, *dup_node = root->parent;

  for (node = root; ; )
    {
      /* Create a new tree and link it back to the current parent.  */
      *p_new = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &node->token);
      if (*p_new == NULL)
        return NULL;
      (*p_new)->parent = dup_node;
      (*p_new)->token.duplicated = 1;
      dup_node = *p_new;

      /* Go to the left node, or up and to the right.  */
      if (node->left)
        {
          node = node->left;
          p_new = &dup_node->left;
        }
      else
        {
          const bin_tree_t *prev = NULL;
          while (node->right == prev || node->right == NULL)
            {
              prev = node;
              node = node->parent;
              dup_node = dup_node->parent;
              if (!node)
                return dup_root;
            }
          node = node->right;
          p_new = &dup_node->right;
        }
    }
}