root/src/liblink/obj6.c

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DEFINITIONS

This source file includes following definitions.
  1. nopout
  2. symtype
  3. isdata
  4. iscall
  5. datasize
  6. textflag
  7. settextflag
  8. canuselocaltls
  9. progedit
  10. nacladdr
  11. parsetextconst
  12. addstacksplit
  13. indir_cx
  14. load_g_cx
  15. stacksplit
  16. follow
  17. nofollow
  18. pushpop
  19. relinv
  20. xfol
  21. prg

// Inferno utils/6l/pass.c
// http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/utils/6l/pass.c
//
//      Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
//      Portions Copyright © 1995-1997 C H Forsyth (forsyth@terzarima.net)
//      Portions Copyright © 1997-1999 Vita Nuova Limited
//      Portions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com)
//      Portions Copyright © 2004,2006 Bruce Ellis
//      Portions Copyright © 2005-2007 C H Forsyth (forsyth@terzarima.net)
//      Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Lucent Technologies Inc. and others
//      Portions Copyright © 2009 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.

#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
#include <bio.h>
#include <link.h>
#include "../cmd/6l/6.out.h"
#include "../pkg/runtime/stack.h"

static Prog zprg = {
        .back = 2,
        .as = AGOK,
        .from = {
                .type = D_NONE,
                .index = D_NONE,
        },
        .to = {
                .type = D_NONE,
                .index = D_NONE,
        },
};

static void
nopout(Prog *p)
{
        p->as = ANOP;
        p->from.type = D_NONE;
        p->to.type = D_NONE;
}

static int
symtype(Addr *a)
{
        int t;

        t = a->type;
        if(t == D_ADDR)
                t = a->index;
        return t;
}

static int
isdata(Prog *p)
{
        return p->as == ADATA || p->as == AGLOBL;
}

static int
iscall(Prog *p)
{
        return p->as == ACALL;
}

static int
datasize(Prog *p)
{
        return p->from.scale;
}

static int
textflag(Prog *p)
{
        return p->from.scale;
}

static void
settextflag(Prog *p, int f)
{
        p->from.scale = f;
}

static void nacladdr(Link*, Prog*, Addr*);

static int
canuselocaltls(Link *ctxt)
{
        switch(ctxt->headtype) {
//      case Hlinux:
        case Hwindows:
                return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

static void
progedit(Link *ctxt, Prog *p)
{
        char literal[64];
        LSym *s;
        Prog *q;

        // Thread-local storage references use the TLS pseudo-register.
        // As a register, TLS refers to the thread-local storage base, and it
        // can only be loaded into another register:
        //
        //         MOVQ TLS, AX
        //
        // An offset from the thread-local storage base is written off(reg)(TLS*1).
        // Semantically it is off(reg), but the (TLS*1) annotation marks this as
        // indexing from the loaded TLS base. This emits a relocation so that
        // if the linker needs to adjust the offset, it can. For example:
        //
        //         MOVQ TLS, AX
        //         MOVQ 8(AX)(TLS*1), CX // load m into CX
        // 
        // On systems that support direct access to the TLS memory, this
        // pair of instructions can be reduced to a direct TLS memory reference:
        // 
        //         MOVQ 8(TLS), CX // load m into CX
        //
        // The 2-instruction and 1-instruction forms correspond roughly to
        // ELF TLS initial exec mode and ELF TLS local exec mode, respectively.
        // 
        // We applies this rewrite on systems that support the 1-instruction form.
        // The decision is made using only the operating system (and probably
        // the -shared flag, eventually), not the link mode. If some link modes
        // on a particular operating system require the 2-instruction form,
        // then all builds for that operating system will use the 2-instruction
        // form, so that the link mode decision can be delayed to link time.
        //
        // In this way, all supported systems use identical instructions to
        // access TLS, and they are rewritten appropriately first here in
        // liblink and then finally using relocations in the linker.

        if(canuselocaltls(ctxt)) {
                // Reduce TLS initial exec model to TLS local exec model.
                // Sequences like
                //      MOVQ TLS, BX
                //      ... off(BX)(TLS*1) ...
                // become
                //      NOP
                //      ... off(TLS) ...
                //
                // TODO(rsc): Remove the Hsolaris special case. It exists only to
                // guarantee we are producing byte-identical binaries as before this code.
                // But it should be unnecessary.
                if((p->as == AMOVQ || p->as == AMOVL) && p->from.type == D_TLS && D_AX <= p->to.type && p->to.type <= D_R15 && ctxt->headtype != Hsolaris)
                        nopout(p);
                if(p->from.index == D_TLS && D_INDIR+D_AX <= p->from.type && p->from.type <= D_INDIR+D_R15) {
                        p->from.type = D_INDIR+D_TLS;
                        p->from.scale = 0;
                        p->from.index = D_NONE;
                }
                if(p->to.index == D_TLS && D_INDIR+D_AX <= p->to.type && p->to.type <= D_INDIR+D_R15) {
                        p->to.type = D_INDIR+D_TLS;
                        p->to.scale = 0;
                        p->to.index = D_NONE;
                }
        } else {
                // As a courtesy to the C compilers, rewrite TLS local exec load as TLS initial exec load.
                // The instruction
                //      MOVQ off(TLS), BX
                // becomes the sequence
                //      MOVQ TLS, BX
                //      MOVQ off(BX)(TLS*1), BX
                // This allows the C compilers to emit references to m and g using the direct off(TLS) form.
                if((p->as == AMOVQ || p->as == AMOVL) && p->from.type == D_INDIR+D_TLS && D_AX <= p->to.type && p->to.type <= D_R15) {
                        q = appendp(ctxt, p);
                        q->as = p->as;
                        q->from = p->from;
                        q->from.type = D_INDIR + p->to.type;
                        q->from.index = D_TLS;
                        q->from.scale = 2; // TODO: use 1
                        q->to = p->to;
                        p->from.type = D_TLS;
                        p->from.index = D_NONE;
                        p->from.offset = 0;
                }
        }

        // TODO: Remove.
        if(ctxt->headtype == Hwindows || ctxt->headtype == Hplan9) {
                if(p->from.scale == 1 && p->from.index == D_TLS)
                        p->from.scale = 2;
                if(p->to.scale == 1 && p->to.index == D_TLS)
                        p->to.scale = 2;
        }

        if(ctxt->headtype == Hnacl) {
                nacladdr(ctxt, p, &p->from);
                nacladdr(ctxt, p, &p->to);
        }

        // Maintain information about code generation mode.
        if(ctxt->mode == 0)
                ctxt->mode = 64;
        p->mode = ctxt->mode;
        
        switch(p->as) {
        case AMODE:
                if(p->from.type == D_CONST || p->from.type == D_INDIR+D_NONE) {
                        switch((int)p->from.offset) {
                        case 16:
                        case 32:
                        case 64:
                                ctxt->mode = p->from.offset;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                nopout(p);
                break;
        }
        
        // Rewrite CALL/JMP/RET to symbol as D_BRANCH.
        switch(p->as) {
        case ACALL:
        case AJMP:
        case ARET:
                if((p->to.type == D_EXTERN || p->to.type == D_STATIC) && p->to.sym != nil)
                        p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                break;
        }

        // Rewrite float constants to values stored in memory.
        switch(p->as) {
        case AFMOVF:
        case AFADDF:
        case AFSUBF:
        case AFSUBRF:
        case AFMULF:
        case AFDIVF:
        case AFDIVRF:
        case AFCOMF:
        case AFCOMFP:
        case AMOVSS:
        case AADDSS:
        case ASUBSS:
        case AMULSS:
        case ADIVSS:
        case ACOMISS:
        case AUCOMISS:
                if(p->from.type == D_FCONST) {
                        int32 i32;
                        float32 f32;
                        f32 = p->from.u.dval;
                        memmove(&i32, &f32, 4);
                        sprint(literal, "$f32.%08ux", (uint32)i32);
                        s = linklookup(ctxt, literal, 0);
                        if(s->type == 0) {
                                s->type = SRODATA;
                                adduint32(ctxt, s, i32);
                                s->reachable = 0;
                        }
                        p->from.type = D_EXTERN;
                        p->from.sym = s;
                        p->from.offset = 0;
                }
                break;
        
        case AFMOVD:
        case AFADDD:
        case AFSUBD:
        case AFSUBRD:
        case AFMULD:
        case AFDIVD:
        case AFDIVRD:
        case AFCOMD:
        case AFCOMDP:
        case AMOVSD:
        case AADDSD:
        case ASUBSD:
        case AMULSD:
        case ADIVSD:
        case ACOMISD:
        case AUCOMISD:
                if(p->from.type == D_FCONST) {
                        int64 i64;
                        memmove(&i64, &p->from.u.dval, 8);
                        sprint(literal, "$f64.%016llux", (uvlong)i64);
                        s = linklookup(ctxt, literal, 0);
                        if(s->type == 0) {
                                s->type = SRODATA;
                                adduint64(ctxt, s, i64);
                                s->reachable = 0;
                        }
                        p->from.type = D_EXTERN;
                        p->from.sym = s;
                        p->from.offset = 0;
                }
                break;
        }
}

static void
nacladdr(Link *ctxt, Prog *p, Addr *a)
{
        if(p->as == ALEAL || p->as == ALEAQ)
                return;
        
        if(a->type == D_BP || a->type == D_INDIR+D_BP) {
                ctxt->diag("invalid address: %P", p);
                return;
        }
        if(a->type == D_INDIR+D_TLS)
                a->type = D_INDIR+D_BP;
        else if(a->type == D_TLS)
                a->type = D_BP;
        if(D_INDIR <= a->type && a->type <= D_INDIR+D_INDIR) {
                switch(a->type) {
                case D_INDIR+D_BP:
                case D_INDIR+D_SP:
                case D_INDIR+D_R15:
                        // all ok
                        break;
                default:
                        if(a->index != D_NONE)
                                ctxt->diag("invalid address %P", p);
                        a->index = a->type - D_INDIR;
                        if(a->index != D_NONE)
                                a->scale = 1;
                        a->type = D_INDIR+D_R15;
                        break;
                }
        }
}

static char*
morename[] =
{
        "runtime.morestack00",
        "runtime.morestack00_noctxt",
        "runtime.morestack10",
        "runtime.morestack10_noctxt",
        "runtime.morestack01",
        "runtime.morestack01_noctxt",
        "runtime.morestack11",
        "runtime.morestack11_noctxt",

        "runtime.morestack8",
        "runtime.morestack8_noctxt",
        "runtime.morestack16",
        "runtime.morestack16_noctxt",
        "runtime.morestack24",
        "runtime.morestack24_noctxt",
        "runtime.morestack32",
        "runtime.morestack32_noctxt",
        "runtime.morestack40",
        "runtime.morestack40_noctxt",
        "runtime.morestack48",
        "runtime.morestack48_noctxt",
};

static Prog*    load_g_cx(Link*, Prog*);
static Prog*    stacksplit(Link*, Prog*, int32, int32, int, Prog**);
static void     indir_cx(Link*, Addr*);

static void
parsetextconst(vlong arg, vlong *textstksiz, vlong *textarg)
{
        *textstksiz = arg & 0xffffffffLL;
        if(*textstksiz & 0x80000000LL)
                *textstksiz = -(-*textstksiz & 0xffffffffLL);

        *textarg = (arg >> 32) & 0xffffffffLL;
        if(*textarg & 0x80000000LL)
                *textarg = 0;
        *textarg = (*textarg+7) & ~7LL;
}

static void
addstacksplit(Link *ctxt, LSym *cursym)
{
        Prog *p, *q, *q1;
        int32 autoffset, deltasp;
        int a, pcsize;
        uint32 i;
        vlong textstksiz, textarg;

        if(ctxt->gmsym == nil)
                ctxt->gmsym = linklookup(ctxt, "runtime.tlsgm", 0);
        if(ctxt->symmorestack[0] == nil) {
                if(nelem(morename) > nelem(ctxt->symmorestack))
                        sysfatal("Link.symmorestack needs at least %d elements", nelem(morename));
                for(i=0; i<nelem(morename); i++)
                        ctxt->symmorestack[i] = linklookup(ctxt, morename[i], 0);
        }
        ctxt->cursym = cursym;

        if(cursym->text == nil || cursym->text->link == nil)
                return;                         

        p = cursym->text;
        parsetextconst(p->to.offset, &textstksiz, &textarg);
        autoffset = textstksiz;
        if(autoffset < 0)
                autoffset = 0;
        
        cursym->args = p->to.offset>>32;
        cursym->locals = textstksiz;

        if(autoffset < StackSmall && !(p->from.scale & NOSPLIT)) {
                for(q = p; q != nil; q = q->link) {
                        if(q->as == ACALL)
                                goto noleaf;
                        if((q->as == ADUFFCOPY || q->as == ADUFFZERO) && autoffset >= StackSmall - 8)
                                goto noleaf;
                }
                p->from.scale |= NOSPLIT;
        noleaf:;
        }

        q = nil;
        if(!(p->from.scale & NOSPLIT) || (p->from.scale & WRAPPER)) {
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p = load_g_cx(ctxt, p); // load g into CX
        }
        if(!(cursym->text->from.scale & NOSPLIT))
                p = stacksplit(ctxt, p, autoffset, textarg, !(cursym->text->from.scale&NEEDCTXT), &q); // emit split check

        if(autoffset) {
                if(autoffset%ctxt->arch->regsize != 0)
                        ctxt->diag("unaligned stack size %d", autoffset);
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AADJSP;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = autoffset;
                p->spadj = autoffset;
        } else {
                // zero-byte stack adjustment.
                // Insert a fake non-zero adjustment so that stkcheck can
                // recognize the end of the stack-splitting prolog.
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ANOP;
                p->spadj = -ctxt->arch->ptrsize;
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ANOP;
                p->spadj = ctxt->arch->ptrsize;
        }
        if(q != nil)
                q->pcond = p;
        deltasp = autoffset;
        
        if(cursym->text->from.scale & WRAPPER) {
                // g->panicwrap += autoffset + ctxt->arch->regsize;
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AADDL;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = autoffset + ctxt->arch->regsize;
                indir_cx(ctxt, &p->to);
                p->to.offset = 2*ctxt->arch->ptrsize;
        }

        if(ctxt->debugstack > 1 && autoffset) {
                // 6l -K -K means double-check for stack overflow
                // even after calling morestack and even if the
                // function is marked as nosplit.
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AMOVQ;
                indir_cx(ctxt, &p->from);
                p->from.offset = 0;
                p->to.type = D_BX;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ASUBQ;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = StackSmall+32;
                p->to.type = D_BX;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ACMPQ;
                p->from.type = D_SP;
                p->to.type = D_BX;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AJHI;
                p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                q1 = p;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AINT;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = 3;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ANOP;
                q1->pcond = p;
        }
        
        if(ctxt->debugzerostack && autoffset && !(cursym->text->from.scale&NOSPLIT)) {
                // 6l -Z means zero the stack frame on entry.
                // This slows down function calls but can help avoid
                // false positives in garbage collection.
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AMOVQ;
                p->from.type = D_SP;
                p->to.type = D_DI;
                
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AMOVQ;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = autoffset/8;
                p->to.type = D_CX;
                
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AMOVQ;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = 0;
                p->to.type = D_AX;
                
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AREP;
                
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ASTOSQ;
        }
        
        for(; p != nil; p = p->link) {
                pcsize = p->mode/8;
                a = p->from.type;
                if(a == D_AUTO)
                        p->from.offset += deltasp;
                if(a == D_PARAM)
                        p->from.offset += deltasp + pcsize;
                a = p->to.type;
                if(a == D_AUTO)
                        p->to.offset += deltasp;
                if(a == D_PARAM)
                        p->to.offset += deltasp + pcsize;

                switch(p->as) {
                default:
                        continue;
                case APUSHL:
                case APUSHFL:
                        deltasp += 4;
                        p->spadj = 4;
                        continue;
                case APUSHQ:
                case APUSHFQ:
                        deltasp += 8;
                        p->spadj = 8;
                        continue;
                case APUSHW:
                case APUSHFW:
                        deltasp += 2;
                        p->spadj = 2;
                        continue;
                case APOPL:
                case APOPFL:
                        deltasp -= 4;
                        p->spadj = -4;
                        continue;
                case APOPQ:
                case APOPFQ:
                        deltasp -= 8;
                        p->spadj = -8;
                        continue;
                case APOPW:
                case APOPFW:
                        deltasp -= 2;
                        p->spadj = -2;
                        continue;
                case ARET:
                        break;
                }

                if(autoffset != deltasp)
                        ctxt->diag("unbalanced PUSH/POP");

                if(cursym->text->from.scale & WRAPPER) {
                        p = load_g_cx(ctxt, p);
                        p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                        // g->panicwrap -= autoffset + ctxt->arch->regsize;
                        p->as = ASUBL;
                        p->from.type = D_CONST;
                        p->from.offset = autoffset + ctxt->arch->regsize;
                        indir_cx(ctxt, &p->to);
                        p->to.offset = 2*ctxt->arch->ptrsize;
                        p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                        p->as = ARET;
                }

                if(autoffset) {
                        p->as = AADJSP;
                        p->from.type = D_CONST;
                        p->from.offset = -autoffset;
                        p->spadj = -autoffset;
                        p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                        p->as = ARET;
                        // If there are instructions following
                        // this ARET, they come from a branch
                        // with the same stackframe, so undo
                        // the cleanup.
                        p->spadj = +autoffset;
                }
                if(p->to.sym) // retjmp
                        p->as = AJMP;
        }
}

static void
indir_cx(Link *ctxt, Addr *a)
{
        if(ctxt->headtype == Hnacl) {
                a->type = D_INDIR + D_R15;
                a->index = D_CX;
                a->scale = 1;
                return;
        }

        a->type = D_INDIR+D_CX;
}

// Append code to p to load g into cx.
// Overwrites p with the first instruction (no first appendp).
// Overwriting p is unusual but it lets use this in both the
// prologue (caller must call appendp first) and in the epilogue.
// Returns last new instruction.
static Prog*
load_g_cx(Link *ctxt, Prog *p)
{       
        Prog *next;

        p->as = AMOVQ;
        if(ctxt->arch->ptrsize == 4)
                p->as = AMOVL;
        p->from.type = D_INDIR+D_TLS;
        p->from.offset = 0;
        p->to.type = D_CX;
        
        next = p->link;
        progedit(ctxt, p);
        while(p->link != next)
                p = p->link;
        
        if(p->from.index == D_TLS)
                p->from.scale = 2;

        return p;
}

// Append code to p to check for stack split.
// Appends to (does not overwrite) p.
// Assumes g is in CX.
// Returns last new instruction.
// On return, *jmpok is the instruction that should jump
// to the stack frame allocation if no split is needed.
static Prog*
stacksplit(Link *ctxt, Prog *p, int32 framesize, int32 textarg, int noctxt, Prog **jmpok)
{
        Prog *q, *q1;
        uint32 moreconst1, moreconst2, i;
        int cmp, lea, mov, sub;

        cmp = ACMPQ;
        lea = ALEAQ;
        mov = AMOVQ;
        sub = ASUBQ;

        if(ctxt->headtype == Hnacl) {
                cmp = ACMPL;
                lea = ALEAL;
                mov = AMOVL;
                sub = ASUBL;
        }

        if(ctxt->debugstack) {
                // 6l -K means check not only for stack
                // overflow but stack underflow.
                // On underflow, INT 3 (breakpoint).
                // Underflow itself is rare but this also
                // catches out-of-sync stack guard info

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = cmp;
                indir_cx(ctxt, &p->from);
                p->from.offset = 8;
                p->to.type = D_SP;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AJHI;
                p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                p->to.offset = 4;
                q1 = p;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AINT;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = 3;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ANOP;
                q1->pcond = p;
        }

        q1 = nil;
        if(framesize <= StackSmall) {
                // small stack: SP <= stackguard
                //      CMPQ SP, stackguard
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = cmp;
                p->from.type = D_SP;
                indir_cx(ctxt, &p->to);
        } else if(framesize <= StackBig) {
                // large stack: SP-framesize <= stackguard-StackSmall
                //      LEAQ -xxx(SP), AX
                //      CMPQ AX, stackguard
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = lea;
                p->from.type = D_INDIR+D_SP;
                p->from.offset = -(framesize-StackSmall);
                p->to.type = D_AX;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = cmp;
                p->from.type = D_AX;
                indir_cx(ctxt, &p->to);
        } else {
                // Such a large stack we need to protect against wraparound.
                // If SP is close to zero:
                //      SP-stackguard+StackGuard <= framesize + (StackGuard-StackSmall)
                // The +StackGuard on both sides is required to keep the left side positive:
                // SP is allowed to be slightly below stackguard. See stack.h.
                //
                // Preemption sets stackguard to StackPreempt, a very large value.
                // That breaks the math above, so we have to check for that explicitly.
                //      MOVQ    stackguard, CX
                //      CMPQ    CX, $StackPreempt
                //      JEQ     label-of-call-to-morestack
                //      LEAQ    StackGuard(SP), AX
                //      SUBQ    CX, AX
                //      CMPQ    AX, $(framesize+(StackGuard-StackSmall))

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = mov;
                indir_cx(ctxt, &p->from);
                p->from.offset = 0;
                p->to.type = D_SI;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = cmp;
                p->from.type = D_SI;
                p->to.type = D_CONST;
                p->to.offset = StackPreempt;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = AJEQ;
                p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                q1 = p;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = lea;
                p->from.type = D_INDIR+D_SP;
                p->from.offset = StackGuard;
                p->to.type = D_AX;
                
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = sub;
                p->from.type = D_SI;
                p->to.type = D_AX;
                
                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = cmp;
                p->from.type = D_AX;
                p->to.type = D_CONST;
                p->to.offset = framesize+(StackGuard-StackSmall);
        }                                       

        // common
        p = appendp(ctxt, p);
        p->as = AJHI;
        p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
        q = p;

        // If we ask for more stack, we'll get a minimum of StackMin bytes.
        // We need a stack frame large enough to hold the top-of-stack data,
        // the function arguments+results, our caller's PC, our frame,
        // a word for the return PC of the next call, and then the StackLimit bytes
        // that must be available on entry to any function called from a function
        // that did a stack check.  If StackMin is enough, don't ask for a specific
        // amount: then we can use the custom functions and save a few
        // instructions.
        moreconst1 = 0;
        if(StackTop + textarg + ctxt->arch->ptrsize + framesize + ctxt->arch->ptrsize + StackLimit >= StackMin)
                moreconst1 = framesize;
        moreconst2 = textarg;
        if(moreconst2 == 1) // special marker
                moreconst2 = 0;
        if((moreconst2&7) != 0)
                ctxt->diag("misaligned argument size in stack split");
        // 4 varieties varieties (const1==0 cross const2==0)
        // and 6 subvarieties of (const1==0 and const2!=0)
        p = appendp(ctxt, p);
        if(moreconst1 == 0 && moreconst2 == 0) {
                p->as = ACALL;
                p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                p->to.sym = ctxt->symmorestack[0*2+noctxt];
        } else
        if(moreconst1 != 0 && moreconst2 == 0) {
                p->as = AMOVL;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = moreconst1;
                p->to.type = D_AX;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ACALL;
                p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                p->to.sym = ctxt->symmorestack[1*2+noctxt];
        } else
        if(moreconst1 == 0 && moreconst2 <= 48 && moreconst2%8 == 0) {
                i = moreconst2/8 + 3;
                p->as = ACALL;
                p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                p->to.sym = ctxt->symmorestack[i*2+noctxt];
        } else
        if(moreconst1 == 0 && moreconst2 != 0) {
                p->as = AMOVL;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = moreconst2;
                p->to.type = D_AX;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ACALL;
                p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                p->to.sym = ctxt->symmorestack[2*2+noctxt];
        } else {
                // Pass framesize and argsize.
                p->as = AMOVQ;
                p->from.type = D_CONST;
                p->from.offset = (uint64)moreconst2 << 32;
                p->from.offset |= moreconst1;
                p->to.type = D_AX;

                p = appendp(ctxt, p);
                p->as = ACALL;
                p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                p->to.sym = ctxt->symmorestack[3*2+noctxt];
        }
        
        p = appendp(ctxt, p);
        p->as = AJMP;
        p->to.type = D_BRANCH;
        p->pcond = ctxt->cursym->text->link;
        
        if(q != nil)
                q->pcond = p->link;
        if(q1 != nil)
                q1->pcond = q->link;

        *jmpok = q;
        return p;
}

static void xfol(Link*, Prog*, Prog**);

static void
follow(Link *ctxt, LSym *s)
{
        Prog *firstp, *lastp;

        ctxt->cursym = s;

        firstp = ctxt->arch->prg();
        lastp = firstp;
        xfol(ctxt, s->text, &lastp);
        lastp->link = nil;
        s->text = firstp->link;
}

static int
nofollow(int a)
{
        switch(a) {
        case AJMP:
        case ARET:
        case AIRETL:
        case AIRETQ:
        case AIRETW:
        case ARETFL:
        case ARETFQ:
        case ARETFW:
        case AUNDEF:
                return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
pushpop(int a)
{
        switch(a) {
        case APUSHL:
        case APUSHFL:
        case APUSHQ:
        case APUSHFQ:
        case APUSHW:
        case APUSHFW:
        case APOPL:
        case APOPFL:
        case APOPQ:
        case APOPFQ:
        case APOPW:
        case APOPFW:
                return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
relinv(int a)
{
        switch(a) {
        case AJEQ:      return AJNE;
        case AJNE:      return AJEQ;
        case AJLE:      return AJGT;
        case AJLS:      return AJHI;
        case AJLT:      return AJGE;
        case AJMI:      return AJPL;
        case AJGE:      return AJLT;
        case AJPL:      return AJMI;
        case AJGT:      return AJLE;
        case AJHI:      return AJLS;
        case AJCS:      return AJCC;
        case AJCC:      return AJCS;
        case AJPS:      return AJPC;
        case AJPC:      return AJPS;
        case AJOS:      return AJOC;
        case AJOC:      return AJOS;
        }
        sysfatal("unknown relation: %s", anames6[a]);
        return 0;
}

static void
xfol(Link *ctxt, Prog *p, Prog **last)
{
        Prog *q;
        int i;
        enum as a;

loop:
        if(p == nil)
                return;
        if(p->as == AJMP)
        if((q = p->pcond) != nil && q->as != ATEXT) {
                /* mark instruction as done and continue layout at target of jump */
                p->mark = 1;
                p = q;
                if(p->mark == 0)
                        goto loop;
        }
        if(p->mark) {
                /* 
                 * p goes here, but already used it elsewhere.
                 * copy up to 4 instructions or else branch to other copy.
                 */
                for(i=0,q=p; i<4; i++,q=q->link) {
                        if(q == nil)
                                break;
                        if(q == *last)
                                break;
                        a = q->as;
                        if(a == ANOP) {
                                i--;
                                continue;
                        }
                        if(nofollow(a) || pushpop(a))   
                                break;  // NOTE(rsc): arm does goto copy
                        if(q->pcond == nil || q->pcond->mark)
                                continue;
                        if(a == ACALL || a == ALOOP)
                                continue;
                        for(;;) {
                                if(p->as == ANOP) {
                                        p = p->link;
                                        continue;
                                }
                                q = copyp(ctxt, p);
                                p = p->link;
                                q->mark = 1;
                                (*last)->link = q;
                                *last = q;
                                if(q->as != a || q->pcond == nil || q->pcond->mark)
                                        continue;

                                q->as = relinv(q->as);
                                p = q->pcond;
                                q->pcond = q->link;
                                q->link = p;
                                xfol(ctxt, q->link, last);
                                p = q->link;
                                if(p->mark)
                                        return;
                                goto loop;
                        }
                } /* */
                q = ctxt->arch->prg();
                q->as = AJMP;
                q->lineno = p->lineno;
                q->to.type = D_BRANCH;
                q->to.offset = p->pc;
                q->pcond = p;
                p = q;
        }
        
        /* emit p */
        p->mark = 1;
        (*last)->link = p;
        *last = p;
        a = p->as;

        /* continue loop with what comes after p */
        if(nofollow(a))
                return;
        if(p->pcond != nil && a != ACALL) {
                /*
                 * some kind of conditional branch.
                 * recurse to follow one path.
                 * continue loop on the other.
                 */
                if((q = brchain(ctxt, p->pcond)) != nil)
                        p->pcond = q;
                if((q = brchain(ctxt, p->link)) != nil)
                        p->link = q;
                if(p->from.type == D_CONST) {
                        if(p->from.offset == 1) {
                                /*
                                 * expect conditional jump to be taken.
                                 * rewrite so that's the fall-through case.
                                 */
                                p->as = relinv(a);
                                q = p->link;
                                p->link = p->pcond;
                                p->pcond = q;
                        }
                } else {                        
                        q = p->link;
                        if(q->mark)
                        if(a != ALOOP) {
                                p->as = relinv(a);
                                p->link = p->pcond;
                                p->pcond = q;
                        }
                }
                xfol(ctxt, p->link, last);
                if(p->pcond->mark)
                        return;
                p = p->pcond;
                goto loop;
        }
        p = p->link;
        goto loop;
}

static Prog*
prg(void)
{
        Prog *p;

        p = emallocz(sizeof(*p));
        *p = zprg;
        return p;
}

LinkArch linkamd64 = {
        .name = "amd64",
        .thechar = '6',

        .addstacksplit = addstacksplit,
        .assemble = span6,
        .datasize = datasize,
        .follow = follow,
        .iscall = iscall,
        .isdata = isdata,
        .prg = prg,
        .progedit = progedit,
        .settextflag = settextflag,
        .symtype = symtype,
        .textflag = textflag,

        .minlc = 1,
        .ptrsize = 8,
        .regsize = 8,

        .D_ADDR = D_ADDR,
        .D_AUTO = D_AUTO,
        .D_BRANCH = D_BRANCH,
        .D_CONST = D_CONST,
        .D_EXTERN = D_EXTERN,
        .D_FCONST = D_FCONST,
        .D_NONE = D_NONE,
        .D_PARAM = D_PARAM,
        .D_SCONST = D_SCONST,
        .D_STATIC = D_STATIC,

        .ACALL = ACALL,
        .ADATA = ADATA,
        .AEND = AEND,
        .AFUNCDATA = AFUNCDATA,
        .AGLOBL = AGLOBL,
        .AJMP = AJMP,
        .ANOP = ANOP,
        .APCDATA = APCDATA,
        .ARET = ARET,
        .ATEXT = ATEXT,
        .ATYPE = ATYPE,
        .AUSEFIELD = AUSEFIELD,
};

LinkArch linkamd64p32 = {
        .name = "amd64p32",
        .thechar = '6',

        .addstacksplit = addstacksplit,
        .assemble = span6,
        .datasize = datasize,
        .follow = follow,
        .iscall = iscall,
        .isdata = isdata,
        .prg = prg,
        .progedit = progedit,
        .settextflag = settextflag,
        .symtype = symtype,
        .textflag = textflag,

        .minlc = 1,
        .ptrsize = 4,
        .regsize = 8,

        .D_ADDR = D_ADDR,
        .D_AUTO = D_AUTO,
        .D_BRANCH = D_BRANCH,
        .D_CONST = D_CONST,
        .D_EXTERN = D_EXTERN,
        .D_FCONST = D_FCONST,
        .D_NONE = D_NONE,
        .D_PARAM = D_PARAM,
        .D_SCONST = D_SCONST,
        .D_STATIC = D_STATIC,

        .ACALL = ACALL,
        .ADATA = ADATA,
        .AEND = AEND,
        .AFUNCDATA = AFUNCDATA,
        .AGLOBL = AGLOBL,
        .AJMP = AJMP,
        .ANOP = ANOP,
        .APCDATA = APCDATA,
        .ARET = ARET,
        .ATEXT = ATEXT,
        .ATYPE = ATYPE,
        .AUSEFIELD = AUSEFIELD,
};

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