root/3rdparty/libjasper/jpc_qmfb.c

DEFINITIONS

1. jpc_qmfb_split_row
2. jpc_qmfb_split_col
3. jpc_qmfb_split_colgrp
4. jpc_qmfb_split_colres
5. jpc_qmfb_join_row
6. jpc_qmfb_join_col
7. jpc_qmfb_join_colgrp
8. jpc_qmfb_join_colres
9. jpc_ft_fwdlift_row
10. jpc_ft_fwdlift_col
11. jpc_ft_fwdlift_colgrp
12. jpc_ft_fwdlift_colres
13. jpc_ft_invlift_row
14. jpc_ft_invlift_col
15. jpc_ft_invlift_colgrp
16. jpc_ft_invlift_colres
17. jpc_ft_analyze
18. jpc_ft_synthesize
19. jpc_ns_fwdlift_row
20. jpc_ns_fwdlift_colgrp
21. jpc_ns_fwdlift_colres
22. jpc_ns_fwdlift_col
23. jpc_ns_invlift_row
24. jpc_ns_invlift_colgrp
25. jpc_ns_invlift_colres
26. jpc_ns_invlift_col
27. jpc_ns_analyze
28. jpc_ns_synthesize

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Image Power, Inc. and the University of
 *   British Columbia.
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2003 Michael David Adams.
 * All rights reserved.
 */

/* __START_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
 *
 * JasPer License Version 2.0
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Michael David Adams
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Image Power, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 The University of British Columbia
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person (the
 * "User") obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
 * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
 * publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
 * persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
 * following conditions:
 *
 * 1.  The above copyright notices and this permission notice (which
 * includes the disclaimer below) shall be included in all copies or
 * substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * 2.  The name of a copyright holder shall not be used to endorse or
 * promote products derived from the Software without specific prior
 * written permission.
 *
 * THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS
 * LICENSE.  NO USE OF THE SOFTWARE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER
 * THIS DISCLAIMER.  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
 * "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.  IN NO
 * EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY SPECIAL
 * INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
 * FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.  NO ASSURANCES ARE
 * PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS THAT THE SOFTWARE DOES NOT INFRINGE
 * THE PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY OTHER ENTITY.
 * EACH COPYRIGHT HOLDER DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY TO THE USER FOR CLAIMS
 * BROUGHT BY ANY OTHER ENTITY BASED ON INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL
 * PROPERTY RIGHTS OR OTHERWISE.  AS A CONDITION TO EXERCISING THE RIGHTS
 * GRANTED HEREUNDER, EACH USER HEREBY ASSUMES SOLE RESPONSIBILITY TO SECURE
 * ANY OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS NEEDED, IF ANY.  THE SOFTWARE
 * IS NOT FAULT-TOLERANT AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR USE IN MISSION-CRITICAL
 * SYSTEMS, SUCH AS THOSE USED IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
 * AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
 * SYSTEMS, DIRECT LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH
 * THE FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE OR SYSTEM COULD LEAD DIRECTLY TO DEATH,
 * PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ("HIGH
 * RISK ACTIVITIES").  THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.
 *
 * __END_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
 */

/*
 * Quadrature Mirror-Image Filter Bank (QMFB) Library
 *
 * $Id: jpc_qmfb.c,v 1.2 2008-05-26 09:40:52 vp153 Exp $
 */

/******************************************************************************\
*
\******************************************************************************/

#undef WT_LENONE /* This is not needed due to normalization. */
#define WT_DOSCALE

/******************************************************************************\
* Includes.
\******************************************************************************/

#include <assert.h>
#include "jasper/jas_fix.h"
#include "jasper/jas_malloc.h"
#include "jasper/jas_math.h"

#include "jpc_qmfb.h"
#include "jpc_tsfb.h"
#include "jpc_math.h"

/******************************************************************************\
*
\******************************************************************************/

#define QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE       4096
#define QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE        4096

int jpc_ft_analyze(int *a, int xstart, int ystart, int width, int height,
  int stride);
int jpc_ft_synthesize(int *a, int xstart, int ystart, int width, int height,
  int stride);

int jpc_ns_analyze(int *a, int xstart, int ystart, int width, int height,
  int stride);
int jpc_ns_synthesize(int *a, int xstart, int ystart, int width,
  int height, int stride);

void jpc_ft_fwdlift_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity);
void jpc_ft_fwdlift_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity);
void jpc_ft_fwdlift_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity);
void jpc_ft_fwdlift_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols,
  int stride, int parity);

void jpc_ft_invlift_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity);
void jpc_ft_invlift_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity);
void jpc_ft_invlift_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity);
void jpc_ft_invlift_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols,
  int stride, int parity);

void jpc_ns_fwdlift_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity);
void jpc_ns_fwdlift_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity);
void jpc_ns_fwdlift_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols, int stride,
  int parity);
void jpc_ns_invlift_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity);
void jpc_ns_invlift_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity);
void jpc_ns_invlift_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols, int stride,
  int parity);

void jpc_qmfb_split_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity);
void jpc_qmfb_split_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity);
void jpc_qmfb_split_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity);
void jpc_qmfb_split_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols, int stride,
  int parity);

void jpc_qmfb_join_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity);
void jpc_qmfb_join_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity);
void jpc_qmfb_join_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity);
void jpc_qmfb_join_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols, int stride,
  int parity);

double jpc_ft_lpenergywts[32] = {
    1.2247448713915889,
    1.6583123951776999,
    2.3184046238739260,
    3.2691742076555053,
    4.6199296531440819,
    6.5323713152269596,
    9.2377452606141937,
    13.0639951297449581,
    18.4752262333915667,
    26.1278968190610392,
    36.9504194305524791,
    52.2557819580462777,
    73.9008347315741645,
    104.5115624560829133,
    147.8016689469569656,
    209.0231247296646018,
    295.6033378293900000,
    418.0462494347059419,
    591.2066756503630813,
    836.0924988714708661,
    /* approximations */
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661,
    836.0924988714708661
};

double jpc_ft_hpenergywts[32] = {
    0.8477912478906585,
    0.9601432184835760,
    1.2593401049756179,
    1.7444107171191079,
    2.4538713036750726,
    3.4656517695088755,
    4.8995276398597856,
    6.9283970402160842,
    9.7980274940131444,
    13.8564306871112652,
    19.5959265076535587,
    27.7128159494245487,
    39.1918369552045860,
    55.4256262207444053,
    78.3836719028959124,
    110.8512517317256822,
    156.7673435548526868,
    221.7025033739244293,
    313.5346870787551552,
    443.4050067351659550,
    /* approximations */
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550,
    443.4050067351659550
};

double jpc_ns_lpenergywts[32] = {
    1.4021081679297411,
    2.0303718560817923,
    2.9011625562785555,
    4.1152851751758002,
    5.8245108637728071,
    8.2387599345725171,
    11.6519546479210838,
    16.4785606470644375,
    23.3042776444606794,
    32.9572515613740435,
    46.6086013487782793,
    65.9145194076860861,
    93.2172084551803977,
    131.8290408510004283,
    186.4344176300625691,
    263.6580819564562148,
    372.8688353500955373,
    527.3161639447193920,
    745.7376707114038936,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    /* approximations follow */
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245,
    1054.6323278917823245
};

double jpc_ns_hpenergywts[32] = {
    1.4425227650161456,
    1.9669426082455688,
    2.8839248082788891,
    4.1475208393432981,
    5.8946497530677817,
    8.3471789178590949,
    11.8086046551047463,
    16.7012780415647804,
    23.6196657032246620,
    33.4034255108592362,
    47.2396388881632632,
    66.8069597416714061,
    94.4793162154500692,
    133.6139330736999113,
    188.9586372358249378,
    267.2278678461869390,
    377.9172750722391356,
    534.4557359047058753,
    755.8345502191498326,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    /* approximations follow */
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060,
    1068.9114718353569060
};

jpc_qmfb2d_t jpc_ft_qmfb2d = {
    jpc_ft_analyze,
    jpc_ft_synthesize,
    jpc_ft_lpenergywts,
    jpc_ft_hpenergywts
};

jpc_qmfb2d_t jpc_ns_qmfb2d = {
    jpc_ns_analyze,
    jpc_ns_synthesize,
    jpc_ns_lpenergywts,
    jpc_ns_hpenergywts
};

/******************************************************************************\
* generic
\******************************************************************************/

void jpc_qmfb_split_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity)
{

    int bufsize = JPC_CEILDIVPOW2(numcols, 1);
#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    jpc_fix_t splitbuf[QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE];
#else
    jpc_fix_t splitbuf[bufsize];
#endif
    jpc_fix_t *buf = splitbuf;
    register jpc_fix_t *srcptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *dstptr;
    register int n;
    register int m;
    int hstartcol;

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* Get a buffer. */
    if (bufsize > QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE) {
        if (!(buf = jas_alloc2(bufsize, sizeof(jpc_fix_t)))) {
            /* We have no choice but to commit suicide in this case. */
            abort();
        }
    }
#endif

    if (numcols >= 2) {
        hstartcol = (numcols + 1 - parity) >> 1;
        m = (parity) ? hstartcol : (numcols - hstartcol);
        /* Save the samples destined for the highpass channel. */
        n = m;
        dstptr = buf;
        srcptr = &a[1 - parity];
        while (n-- > 0) {
            *dstptr = *srcptr;
            ++dstptr;
            srcptr += 2;
        }
        /* Copy the appropriate samples into the lowpass channel. */
        dstptr = &a[1 - parity];
        srcptr = &a[2 - parity];
        n = numcols - m - (!parity);
        while (n-- > 0) {
            *dstptr = *srcptr;
            ++dstptr;
            srcptr += 2;
        }
        /* Copy the saved samples into the highpass channel. */
        dstptr = &a[hstartcol];
        srcptr = buf;
        n = m;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            *dstptr = *srcptr;
            ++dstptr;
            ++srcptr;
        }
    }

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* If the split buffer was allocated on the heap, free this memory. */
    if (buf != splitbuf) {
        jas_free(buf);
    }
#endif

}

void jpc_qmfb_split_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    int bufsize = JPC_CEILDIVPOW2(numrows, 1);
#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    jpc_fix_t splitbuf[QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE];
#else
    jpc_fix_t splitbuf[bufsize];
#endif
    jpc_fix_t *buf = splitbuf;
    register jpc_fix_t *srcptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *dstptr;
    register int n;
    register int m;
    int hstartcol;

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* Get a buffer. */
    if (bufsize > QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE) {
        if (!(buf = jas_alloc2(bufsize, sizeof(jpc_fix_t)))) {
            /* We have no choice but to commit suicide in this case. */
            abort();
        }
    }
#endif

    if (numrows >= 2) {
        hstartcol = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;
        m = (parity) ? hstartcol : (numrows - hstartcol);
        /* Save the samples destined for the highpass channel. */
        n = m;
        dstptr = buf;
        srcptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
        while (n-- > 0) {
            *dstptr = *srcptr;
            ++dstptr;
            srcptr += stride << 1;
        }
        /* Copy the appropriate samples into the lowpass channel. */
        dstptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
        srcptr = &a[(2 - parity) * stride];
        n = numrows - m - (!parity);
        while (n-- > 0) {
            *dstptr = *srcptr;
            dstptr += stride;
            srcptr += stride << 1;
        }
        /* Copy the saved samples into the highpass channel. */
        dstptr = &a[hstartcol * stride];
        srcptr = buf;
        n = m;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            *dstptr = *srcptr;
            dstptr += stride;
            ++srcptr;
        }
    }

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* If the split buffer was allocated on the heap, free this memory. */
    if (buf != splitbuf) {
        jas_free(buf);
    }
#endif

}

void jpc_qmfb_split_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    int bufsize = JPC_CEILDIVPOW2(numrows, 1);
#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    jpc_fix_t splitbuf[QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE];
#else
    jpc_fix_t splitbuf[bufsize * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE];
#endif
    jpc_fix_t *buf = splitbuf;
    jpc_fix_t *srcptr;
    jpc_fix_t *dstptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *srcptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *dstptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int m;
    int hstartcol;

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* Get a buffer. */
    if (bufsize > QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE) {
        if (!(buf = jas_alloc2(bufsize, sizeof(jpc_fix_t)))) {
            /* We have no choice but to commit suicide in this case. */
            abort();
        }
    }
#endif

    if (numrows >= 2) {
        hstartcol = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;
        m = (parity) ? hstartcol : (numrows - hstartcol);
        /* Save the samples destined for the highpass channel. */
        n = m;
        dstptr = buf;
        srcptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
        while (n-- > 0) {
            dstptr2 = dstptr;
            srcptr2 = srcptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
                ++dstptr2;
                ++srcptr2;
            }
            dstptr += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
            srcptr += stride << 1;
        }
        /* Copy the appropriate samples into the lowpass channel. */
        dstptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
        srcptr = &a[(2 - parity) * stride];
        n = numrows - m - (!parity);
        while (n-- > 0) {
            dstptr2 = dstptr;
            srcptr2 = srcptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
                ++dstptr2;
                ++srcptr2;
            }
            dstptr += stride;
            srcptr += stride << 1;
        }
        /* Copy the saved samples into the highpass channel. */
        dstptr = &a[hstartcol * stride];
        srcptr = buf;
        n = m;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            dstptr2 = dstptr;
            srcptr2 = srcptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
                ++dstptr2;
                ++srcptr2;
            }
            dstptr += stride;
            srcptr += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
        }
    }

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* If the split buffer was allocated on the heap, free this memory. */
    if (buf != splitbuf) {
        jas_free(buf);
    }
#endif

}

void jpc_qmfb_split_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols,
  int stride, int parity)
{

    int bufsize = JPC_CEILDIVPOW2(numrows, 1);
#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    jpc_fix_t splitbuf[QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE];
#else
    jpc_fix_t splitbuf[bufsize * numcols];
#endif
    jpc_fix_t *buf = splitbuf;
    jpc_fix_t *srcptr;
    jpc_fix_t *dstptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *srcptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *dstptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int m;
    int hstartcol;

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* Get a buffer. */
    if (bufsize > QMFB_SPLITBUFSIZE) {
        if (!(buf = jas_alloc2(bufsize, sizeof(jpc_fix_t)))) {
            /* We have no choice but to commit suicide in this case. */
            abort();
        }
    }
#endif

    if (numrows >= 2) {
        hstartcol = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;
        m = (parity) ? hstartcol : (numrows - hstartcol);
        /* Save the samples destined for the highpass channel. */
        n = m;
        dstptr = buf;
        srcptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
        while (n-- > 0) {
            dstptr2 = dstptr;
            srcptr2 = srcptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
                ++dstptr2;
                ++srcptr2;
            }
            dstptr += numcols;
            srcptr += stride << 1;
        }
        /* Copy the appropriate samples into the lowpass channel. */
        dstptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
        srcptr = &a[(2 - parity) * stride];
        n = numrows - m - (!parity);
        while (n-- > 0) {
            dstptr2 = dstptr;
            srcptr2 = srcptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
                ++dstptr2;
                ++srcptr2;
            }
            dstptr += stride;
            srcptr += stride << 1;
        }
        /* Copy the saved samples into the highpass channel. */
        dstptr = &a[hstartcol * stride];
        srcptr = buf;
        n = m;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            dstptr2 = dstptr;
            srcptr2 = srcptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
                ++dstptr2;
                ++srcptr2;
            }
            dstptr += stride;
            srcptr += numcols;
        }
    }

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* If the split buffer was allocated on the heap, free this memory. */
    if (buf != splitbuf) {
        jas_free(buf);
    }
#endif

}

void jpc_qmfb_join_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity)
{

    int bufsize = JPC_CEILDIVPOW2(numcols, 1);
#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    jpc_fix_t joinbuf[QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE];
#else
    jpc_fix_t joinbuf[bufsize];
#endif
    jpc_fix_t *buf = joinbuf;
    register jpc_fix_t *srcptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *dstptr;
    register int n;
    int hstartcol;

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* Allocate memory for the join buffer from the heap. */
    if (bufsize > QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE) {
        if (!(buf = jas_alloc2(bufsize, sizeof(jpc_fix_t)))) {
            /* We have no choice but to commit suicide. */
            abort();
        }
    }
#endif

    hstartcol = (numcols + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    /* Save the samples from the lowpass channel. */
    n = hstartcol;
    srcptr = &a[0];
    dstptr = buf;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        *dstptr = *srcptr;
        ++srcptr;
        ++dstptr;
    }
    /* Copy the samples from the highpass channel into place. */
    srcptr = &a[hstartcol];
    dstptr = &a[1 - parity];
    n = numcols - hstartcol;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        *dstptr = *srcptr;
        dstptr += 2;
        ++srcptr;
    }
    /* Copy the samples from the lowpass channel into place. */
    srcptr = buf;
    dstptr = &a[parity];
    n = hstartcol;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        *dstptr = *srcptr;
        dstptr += 2;
        ++srcptr;
    }

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* If the join buffer was allocated on the heap, free this memory. */
    if (buf != joinbuf) {
        jas_free(buf);
    }
#endif

}

void jpc_qmfb_join_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    int bufsize = JPC_CEILDIVPOW2(numrows, 1);
#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    jpc_fix_t joinbuf[QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE];
#else
    jpc_fix_t joinbuf[bufsize];
#endif
    jpc_fix_t *buf = joinbuf;
    register jpc_fix_t *srcptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *dstptr;
    register int n;
    int hstartcol;

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* Allocate memory for the join buffer from the heap. */
    if (bufsize > QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE) {
        if (!(buf = jas_alloc2(bufsize, sizeof(jpc_fix_t)))) {
            /* We have no choice but to commit suicide. */
            abort();
        }
    }
#endif

    hstartcol = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    /* Save the samples from the lowpass channel. */
    n = hstartcol;
    srcptr = &a[0];
    dstptr = buf;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        *dstptr = *srcptr;
        srcptr += stride;
        ++dstptr;
    }
    /* Copy the samples from the highpass channel into place. */
    srcptr = &a[hstartcol * stride];
    dstptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
    n = numrows - hstartcol;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        *dstptr = *srcptr;
        dstptr += 2 * stride;
        srcptr += stride;
    }
    /* Copy the samples from the lowpass channel into place. */
    srcptr = buf;
    dstptr = &a[parity * stride];
    n = hstartcol;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        *dstptr = *srcptr;
        dstptr += 2 * stride;
        ++srcptr;
    }

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* If the join buffer was allocated on the heap, free this memory. */
    if (buf != joinbuf) {
        jas_free(buf);
    }
#endif

}

void jpc_qmfb_join_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    int bufsize = JPC_CEILDIVPOW2(numrows, 1);
#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    jpc_fix_t joinbuf[QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE];
#else
    jpc_fix_t joinbuf[bufsize * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE];
#endif
    jpc_fix_t *buf = joinbuf;
    jpc_fix_t *srcptr;
    jpc_fix_t *dstptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *srcptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *dstptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int hstartcol;

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* Allocate memory for the join buffer from the heap. */
    if (bufsize > QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE) {
        if (!(buf = jas_alloc2(bufsize, JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE * sizeof(jpc_fix_t)))) {
            /* We have no choice but to commit suicide. */
            abort();
        }
    }
#endif

    hstartcol = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    /* Save the samples from the lowpass channel. */
    n = hstartcol;
    srcptr = &a[0];
    dstptr = buf;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        dstptr2 = dstptr;
        srcptr2 = srcptr;
        for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
            *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
            ++dstptr2;
            ++srcptr2;
        }
        srcptr += stride;
        dstptr += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    }
    /* Copy the samples from the highpass channel into place. */
    srcptr = &a[hstartcol * stride];
    dstptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
    n = numrows - hstartcol;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        dstptr2 = dstptr;
        srcptr2 = srcptr;
        for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
            *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
            ++dstptr2;
            ++srcptr2;
        }
        dstptr += 2 * stride;
        srcptr += stride;
    }
    /* Copy the samples from the lowpass channel into place. */
    srcptr = buf;
    dstptr = &a[parity * stride];
    n = hstartcol;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        dstptr2 = dstptr;
        srcptr2 = srcptr;
        for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
            *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
            ++dstptr2;
            ++srcptr2;
        }
        dstptr += 2 * stride;
        srcptr += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    }

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* If the join buffer was allocated on the heap, free this memory. */
    if (buf != joinbuf) {
        jas_free(buf);
    }
#endif

}

void jpc_qmfb_join_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols,
  int stride, int parity)
{

    int bufsize = JPC_CEILDIVPOW2(numrows, 1);
#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    jpc_fix_t joinbuf[QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE];
#else
    jpc_fix_t joinbuf[bufsize * numcols];
#endif
    jpc_fix_t *buf = joinbuf;
    jpc_fix_t *srcptr;
    jpc_fix_t *dstptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *srcptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *dstptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int hstartcol;

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* Allocate memory for the join buffer from the heap. */
    if (bufsize > QMFB_JOINBUFSIZE) {
        if (!(buf = jas_alloc3(bufsize, numcols, sizeof(jpc_fix_t)))) {
            /* We have no choice but to commit suicide. */
            abort();
        }
    }
#endif

    hstartcol = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    /* Save the samples from the lowpass channel. */
    n = hstartcol;
    srcptr = &a[0];
    dstptr = buf;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        dstptr2 = dstptr;
        srcptr2 = srcptr;
        for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
            *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
            ++dstptr2;
            ++srcptr2;
        }
        srcptr += stride;
        dstptr += numcols;
    }
    /* Copy the samples from the highpass channel into place. */
    srcptr = &a[hstartcol * stride];
    dstptr = &a[(1 - parity) * stride];
    n = numrows - hstartcol;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        dstptr2 = dstptr;
        srcptr2 = srcptr;
        for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
            *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
            ++dstptr2;
            ++srcptr2;
        }
        dstptr += 2 * stride;
        srcptr += stride;
    }
    /* Copy the samples from the lowpass channel into place. */
    srcptr = buf;
    dstptr = &a[parity * stride];
    n = hstartcol;
    while (n-- > 0) {
        dstptr2 = dstptr;
        srcptr2 = srcptr;
        for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
            *dstptr2 = *srcptr2;
            ++dstptr2;
            ++srcptr2;
        }
        dstptr += 2 * stride;
        srcptr += numcols;
    }

#if !defined(HAVE_VLA)
    /* If the join buffer was allocated on the heap, free this memory. */
    if (buf != joinbuf) {
        jas_free(buf);
    }
#endif

}

/******************************************************************************\
* 5/3 transform
\******************************************************************************/

void jpc_ft_fwdlift_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity)
{

    register jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register int n;
    int llen;

    llen = (numcols + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numcols > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (parity) {
            hptr[0] -= lptr[0];
            ++hptr;
        }
        n = numcols - llen - parity - (parity == (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr[0] -= (lptr[0] + lptr[1]) >> 1;
            ++hptr;
            ++lptr;
        }
        if (parity == (numcols & 1)) {
            hptr[0] -= lptr[0];
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr[0] += (hptr[0] + 1) >> 1;
            ++lptr;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr[0] += (hptr[0] + hptr[1] + 2) >> 2;
            ++lptr;
            ++hptr;
        }
        if (parity != (numcols & 1)) {
            lptr[0] += (hptr[0] + 1) >> 1;
        }

    } else {

        if (parity) {
            lptr = &a[0];
            lptr[0] <<= 1;
        }

    }

}

void jpc_ft_fwdlift_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
#if 0
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int i;
#endif
    register int n;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            hptr[0] -= lptr[0];
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr[0] -= (lptr[0] + lptr[stride]) >> 1;
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            hptr[0] -= lptr[0];
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr[0] += (hptr[0] + 1) >> 1;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr[0] += (hptr[0] + hptr[stride] + 2) >> 2;
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr[0] += (hptr[0] + 1) >> 1;
        }

    } else {

        if (parity) {
            lptr = &a[0];
            lptr[0] <<= 1;
        }

    }

}

void jpc_ft_fwdlift_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] -= lptr2[0];
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] -= (lptr2[0] + lptr2[stride]) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] -= lptr2[0];
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] += (hptr2[0] + 1) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] += (hptr2[0] + hptr2[stride] + 2) >> 2;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] += (hptr2[0] + 1) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

    } else {

        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] <<= 1;
                ++lptr2;
            }
        }

    }

}

void jpc_ft_fwdlift_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] -= lptr2[0];
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] -= (lptr2[0] + lptr2[stride]) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] -= lptr2[0];
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] += (hptr2[0] + 1) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] += (hptr2[0] + hptr2[stride] + 2) >> 2;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] += (hptr2[0] + 1) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

    } else {

        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] <<= 1;
                ++lptr2;
            }
        }

    }

}

void jpc_ft_invlift_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity)
{

    register jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register int n;
    int llen;

    llen = (numcols + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numcols > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr[0] -= (hptr[0] + 1) >> 1;
            ++lptr;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr[0] -= (hptr[0] + hptr[1] + 2) >> 2;
            ++lptr;
            ++hptr;
        }
        if (parity != (numcols & 1)) {
            lptr[0] -= (hptr[0] + 1) >> 1;
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (parity) {
            hptr[0] += lptr[0];
            ++hptr;
        }
        n = numcols - llen - parity - (parity == (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr[0] += (lptr[0] + lptr[1]) >> 1;
            ++hptr;
            ++lptr;
        }
        if (parity == (numcols & 1)) {
            hptr[0] += lptr[0];
        }

    } else {

        if (parity) {
            lptr = &a[0];
            lptr[0] >>= 1;
        }

    }

}

void jpc_ft_invlift_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
#if 0
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int i;
#endif
    register int n;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr[0] -= (hptr[0] + 1) >> 1;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr[0] -= (hptr[0] + hptr[stride] + 2) >> 2;
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr[0] -= (hptr[0] + 1) >> 1;
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            hptr[0] += lptr[0];
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr[0] += (lptr[0] + lptr[stride]) >> 1;
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            hptr[0] += lptr[0];
        }

    } else {

        if (parity) {
            lptr = &a[0];
            lptr[0] >>= 1;
        }

    }

}

void jpc_ft_invlift_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride, int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] -= (hptr2[0] + 1) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] -= (hptr2[0] + hptr2[stride] + 2) >> 2;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] -= (hptr2[0] + 1) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] += lptr2[0];
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] += (lptr2[0] + lptr2[stride]) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] += lptr2[0];
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

    } else {

        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] >>= 1;
                ++lptr2;
            }
        }

    }

}

void jpc_ft_invlift_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] -= (hptr2[0] + 1) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] -= (hptr2[0] + hptr2[stride] + 2) >> 2;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] -= (hptr2[0] + 1) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] += lptr2[0];
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] += (lptr2[0] + lptr2[stride]) >> 1;
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] += lptr2[0];
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

    } else {

        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] >>= 1;
                ++lptr2;
            }
        }

    }

}

int jpc_ft_analyze(int *a, int xstart, int ystart, int width, int height,
  int stride)
{
    int numrows = height;
    int numcols = width;
    int rowparity = ystart & 1;
    int colparity = xstart & 1;
    int i;
    jpc_fix_t *startptr;
    int maxcols;

    maxcols = (numcols / JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE) * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    startptr = (jpc_fix_t*)&a[0];
    for (i = 0; i < maxcols; i += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE) {
        jpc_qmfb_split_colgrp(startptr, numrows, stride, rowparity);
        jpc_ft_fwdlift_colgrp(startptr, numrows, stride, rowparity);
        startptr += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    }
    if (maxcols < numcols) {
        jpc_qmfb_split_colres(startptr, numrows, numcols - maxcols, stride,
          rowparity);
        jpc_ft_fwdlift_colres(startptr, numrows, numcols - maxcols, stride,
          rowparity);
    }

    startptr = (jpc_fix_t*)&a[0];
    for (i = 0; i < numrows; ++i) {
        jpc_qmfb_split_row(startptr, numcols, colparity);
        jpc_ft_fwdlift_row(startptr, numcols, colparity);
        startptr += stride;
    }

    return 0;

}

int jpc_ft_synthesize(int *a, int xstart, int ystart, int width, int height,
  int stride)
{
    int numrows = height;
    int numcols = width;
    int rowparity = ystart & 1;
    int colparity = xstart & 1;

    int maxcols;
    jpc_fix_t *startptr;
    int i;

    startptr = (jpc_fix_t*)&a[0];
    for (i = 0; i < numrows; ++i) {
        jpc_ft_invlift_row(startptr, numcols, colparity);
        jpc_qmfb_join_row(startptr, numcols, colparity);
        startptr += stride;
    }

    maxcols = (numcols / JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE) * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    startptr = (jpc_fix_t*)&a[0];
    for (i = 0; i < maxcols; i += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE) {
        jpc_ft_invlift_colgrp(startptr, numrows, stride, rowparity);
        jpc_qmfb_join_colgrp(startptr, numrows, stride, rowparity);
        startptr += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    }
    if (maxcols < numcols) {
        jpc_ft_invlift_colres(startptr, numrows, numcols - maxcols, stride,
          rowparity);
        jpc_qmfb_join_colres(startptr, numrows, numcols - maxcols, stride,
          rowparity);
    }

    return 0;

}

/******************************************************************************\
* 9/7 transform
\******************************************************************************/

#define ALPHA (-1.586134342059924)
#define BETA (-0.052980118572961)
#define GAMMA (0.882911075530934)
#define DELTA (0.443506852043971)
#define LGAIN (1.0 / 1.23017410558578)
#define HGAIN (1.0 / 1.62578613134411)

void jpc_ns_fwdlift_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity)
{

    register jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register int n;
    int llen;

    llen = (numcols + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numcols > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (parity) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
              lptr[0]));
            ++hptr;
        }
        n = numcols - llen - parity - (parity == (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(ALPHA),
              jpc_fix_add(lptr[0], lptr[1])));
            ++hptr;
            ++lptr;
        }
        if (parity == (numcols & 1)) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
              lptr[0]));
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (!parity) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
              hptr[0]));
            ++lptr;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(BETA),
              jpc_fix_add(hptr[0], hptr[1])));
            ++lptr;
            ++hptr;
        }
        if (parity != (numcols & 1)) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
              hptr[0]));
        }

        /* Apply the third lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (parity) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
              lptr[0]));
            ++hptr;
        }
        n = numcols - llen - parity - (parity == (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(GAMMA),
              jpc_fix_add(lptr[0], lptr[1])));
            ++hptr;
            ++lptr;
        }
        if (parity == (numcols & 1)) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
              lptr[0]));
        }

        /* Apply the fourth lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (!parity) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
              hptr[0]));
            ++lptr;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(DELTA),
              jpc_fix_add(hptr[0], hptr[1])));
            ++lptr;
            ++hptr;
        }
        if (parity != (numcols & 1)) {
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
              hptr[0]));
        }

        /* Apply the scaling step. */
#if defined(WT_DOSCALE)
        lptr = &a[0];
        n = llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr[0] = jpc_fix_mul(lptr[0], jpc_dbltofix(LGAIN));
            ++lptr;
        }
        hptr = &a[llen];
        n = numcols - llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr[0] = jpc_fix_mul(hptr[0], jpc_dbltofix(HGAIN));
            ++hptr;
        }
#endif

    } else {

#if defined(WT_LENONE)
        if (parity) {
            lptr = &a[0];
            lptr[0] <<= 1;
        }
#endif

    }

}

void jpc_ns_fwdlift_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
                  lptr2[0]));
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(ALPHA),
                  jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
                  lptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(BETA),
                  jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the third lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
                  lptr2[0]));
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(GAMMA),
                  jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
                  lptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the fourth lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(DELTA),
                  jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the scaling step. */
#if defined(WT_DOSCALE)
        lptr = &a[0];
        n = llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(lptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(LGAIN));
                ++lptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        n = numrows - llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(hptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(HGAIN));
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
#endif

    } else {

#if defined(WT_LENONE)
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] <<= 1;
                ++lptr2;
            }
        }
#endif

    }

}

void jpc_ns_fwdlift_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols,
  int stride, int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
                  lptr2[0]));
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(ALPHA),
                  jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
                  lptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(BETA),
                  jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the third lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
                  lptr2[0]));
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(GAMMA),
                  jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
                  lptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the fourth lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(DELTA),
                  jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the scaling step. */
#if defined(WT_DOSCALE)
        lptr = &a[0];
        n = llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(lptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(LGAIN));
                ++lptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        n = numrows - llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(hptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(HGAIN));
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
#endif

    } else {

#if defined(WT_LENONE)
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] <<= 1;
                ++lptr2;
            }
        }
#endif

    }

}

void jpc_ns_fwdlift_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
              lptr2[0]));
            ++hptr2;
            ++lptr2;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(ALPHA),
              jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
              lptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
              hptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(BETA),
              jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
              hptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
        }

        /* Apply the third lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
              lptr2[0]));
            ++hptr2;
            ++lptr2;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(GAMMA),
              jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
              lptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
        }

        /* Apply the fourth lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
              hptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(DELTA),
              jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_pluseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
              hptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
        }

        /* Apply the scaling step. */
#if defined(WT_DOSCALE)
        lptr = &a[0];
        n = llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            lptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(lptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(LGAIN));
            ++lptr2;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        n = numrows - llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr2 = hptr;
            hptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(hptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(HGAIN));
            ++hptr2;
            hptr += stride;
        }
#endif

    } else {

#if defined(WT_LENONE)
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            lptr2[0] <<= 1;
            ++lptr2;
        }
#endif

    }

}

void jpc_ns_invlift_row(jpc_fix_t *a, int numcols, int parity)
{

    register jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register int n;
    int llen;

    llen = (numcols + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numcols > 1) {

        /* Apply the scaling step. */
#if defined(WT_DOSCALE)
        lptr = &a[0];
        n = llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr[0] = jpc_fix_mul(lptr[0], jpc_dbltofix(1.0 / LGAIN));
            ++lptr;
        }
        hptr = &a[llen];
        n = numcols - llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr[0] = jpc_fix_mul(hptr[0], jpc_dbltofix(1.0 / HGAIN));
            ++hptr;
        }
#endif

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (!parity) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
              hptr[0]));
            ++lptr;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(DELTA),
              jpc_fix_add(hptr[0], hptr[1])));
            ++lptr;
            ++hptr;
        }
        if (parity != (numcols & 1)) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * DELTA),
              hptr[0]));
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (parity) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
              lptr[0]));
            ++hptr;
        }
        n = numcols - llen - parity - (parity == (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(GAMMA),
              jpc_fix_add(lptr[0], lptr[1])));
            ++hptr;
            ++lptr;
        }
        if (parity == (numcols & 1)) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * GAMMA),
              lptr[0]));
        }

        /* Apply the third lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (!parity) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
              hptr[0]));
            ++lptr;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(BETA),
              jpc_fix_add(hptr[0], hptr[1])));
            ++lptr;
            ++hptr;
        }
        if (parity != (numcols & 1)) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
              hptr[0]));
        }

        /* Apply the fourth lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen];
        if (parity) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
              lptr[0]));
            ++hptr;
        }
        n = numcols - llen - parity - (parity == (numcols & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(ALPHA),
              jpc_fix_add(lptr[0], lptr[1])));
            ++hptr;
            ++lptr;
        }
        if (parity == (numcols & 1)) {
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * ALPHA),
              lptr[0]));
        }

    } else {

#if defined(WT_LENONE)
        if (parity) {
            lptr = &a[0];
            lptr[0] >>= 1;
        }
#endif

    }

}

void jpc_ns_invlift_colgrp(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the scaling step. */
#if defined(WT_DOSCALE)
        lptr = &a[0];
        n = llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(lptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(1.0 / LGAIN));
                ++lptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        n = numrows - llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(hptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(1.0 / HGAIN));
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
#endif

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  DELTA), hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(DELTA),
                  jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  DELTA), hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  GAMMA), lptr2[0]));
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(GAMMA),
                  jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  GAMMA), lptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the third lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(BETA),
                  jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the fourth lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  ALPHA), lptr2[0]));
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(ALPHA),
                  jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  ALPHA), lptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

    } else {

#if defined(WT_LENONE)
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            for (i = 0; i < JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] >>= 1;
                ++lptr2;
            }
        }
#endif

    }

}

void jpc_ns_invlift_colres(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int numcols,
  int stride, int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    register int i;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the scaling step. */
#if defined(WT_DOSCALE)
        lptr = &a[0];
        n = llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(lptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(1.0 / LGAIN));
                ++lptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        n = numrows - llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                hptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(hptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(1.0 / HGAIN));
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
#endif

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  DELTA), hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(DELTA),
                  jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  DELTA), hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  GAMMA), lptr2[0]));
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(GAMMA),
                  jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  GAMMA), lptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the third lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(BETA),
                  jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
                  hptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

        /* Apply the fourth lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  ALPHA), lptr2[0]));
                ++hptr2;
                ++lptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(ALPHA),
                  jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
                  ALPHA), lptr2[0]));
                ++lptr2;
                ++hptr2;
            }
        }

    } else {

#if defined(WT_LENONE)
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            for (i = 0; i < numcols; ++i) {
                lptr2[0] >>= 1;
                ++lptr2;
            }
        }
#endif

    }

}

void jpc_ns_invlift_col(jpc_fix_t *a, int numrows, int stride,
  int parity)
{

    jpc_fix_t *lptr;
    jpc_fix_t *hptr;
    register jpc_fix_t *lptr2;
    register jpc_fix_t *hptr2;
    register int n;
    int llen;

    llen = (numrows + 1 - parity) >> 1;

    if (numrows > 1) {

        /* Apply the scaling step. */
#if defined(WT_DOSCALE)
        lptr = &a[0];
        n = llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            lptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(lptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(1.0 / LGAIN));
            ++lptr2;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        n = numrows - llen;
        while (n-- > 0) {
            hptr2 = hptr;
            hptr2[0] = jpc_fix_mul(hptr2[0], jpc_dbltofix(1.0 / HGAIN));
            ++hptr2;
            hptr += stride;
        }
#endif

        /* Apply the first lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
              DELTA), hptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(DELTA),
              jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
              DELTA), hptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
        }

        /* Apply the second lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
              GAMMA), lptr2[0]));
            ++hptr2;
            ++lptr2;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(GAMMA),
              jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
              GAMMA), lptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
        }

        /* Apply the third lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (!parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
              hptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        n = llen - (!parity) - (parity != (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(BETA),
              jpc_fix_add(hptr2[0], hptr2[stride])));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            lptr += stride;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity != (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(lptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 * BETA),
              hptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
        }

        /* Apply the fourth lifting step. */
        lptr = &a[0];
        hptr = &a[llen * stride];
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
              ALPHA), lptr2[0]));
            ++hptr2;
            ++lptr2;
            hptr += stride;
        }
        n = numrows - llen - parity - (parity == (numrows & 1));
        while (n-- > 0) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(ALPHA),
              jpc_fix_add(lptr2[0], lptr2[stride])));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
            hptr += stride;
            lptr += stride;
        }
        if (parity == (numrows & 1)) {
            lptr2 = lptr;
            hptr2 = hptr;
            jpc_fix_minuseq(hptr2[0], jpc_fix_mul(jpc_dbltofix(2.0 *
              ALPHA), lptr2[0]));
            ++lptr2;
            ++hptr2;
        }

    } else {

#if defined(WT_LENONE)
        if (parity) {
            lptr2 = &a[0];
            lptr2[0] >>= 1;
            ++lptr2;
        }
#endif

    }

}

int jpc_ns_analyze(int *a, int xstart, int ystart, int width, int height,
  int stride)
{

    int numrows = height;
    int numcols = width;
    int rowparity = ystart & 1;
    int colparity = xstart & 1;
    int i;
    jpc_fix_t *startptr;
    int maxcols;

    maxcols = (numcols / JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE) * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    startptr = (jpc_fix_t*)&a[0];
    for (i = 0; i < maxcols; i += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE) {
        jpc_qmfb_split_colgrp(startptr, numrows, stride, rowparity);
        jpc_ns_fwdlift_colgrp(startptr, numrows, stride, rowparity);
        startptr += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    }
    if (maxcols < numcols) {
        jpc_qmfb_split_colres(startptr, numrows, numcols - maxcols, stride,
          rowparity);
        jpc_ns_fwdlift_colres(startptr, numrows, numcols - maxcols, stride,
          rowparity);
    }

    startptr = (jpc_fix_t*)&a[0];
    for (i = 0; i < numrows; ++i) {
        jpc_qmfb_split_row(startptr, numcols, colparity);
        jpc_ns_fwdlift_row(startptr, numcols, colparity);
        startptr += stride;
    }

    return 0;

}

int jpc_ns_synthesize(int *a, int xstart, int ystart, int width,
  int height, int stride)
{

    int numrows = height;
    int numcols = width;
    int rowparity = ystart & 1;
    int colparity = xstart & 1;
    int maxcols;
    jpc_fix_t *startptr;
    int i;

    startptr = (jpc_fix_t*)&a[0];
    for (i = 0; i < numrows; ++i) {
        jpc_ns_invlift_row(startptr, numcols, colparity);
        jpc_qmfb_join_row(startptr, numcols, colparity);
        startptr += stride;
    }

    maxcols = (numcols / JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE) * JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    startptr = (jpc_fix_t*)&a[0];
    for (i = 0; i < maxcols; i += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE) {
        jpc_ns_invlift_colgrp(startptr, numrows, stride, rowparity);
        jpc_qmfb_join_colgrp(startptr, numrows, stride, rowparity);
        startptr += JPC_QMFB_COLGRPSIZE;
    }
    if (maxcols < numcols) {
        jpc_ns_invlift_colres(startptr, numrows, numcols - maxcols, stride,
          rowparity);
        jpc_qmfb_join_colres(startptr, numrows, numcols - maxcols, stride,
          rowparity);
    }

    return 0;

}