root/content/browser/speech/google_streaming_remote_engine.cc

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DEFINITIONS

This source file includes following definitions.
  1. DumpResponse
  2. state_
  3. SetConfig
  4. StartRecognition
  5. EndRecognition
  6. TakeAudioChunk
  7. AudioChunksEnded
  8. OnURLFetchComplete
  9. OnURLFetchDownloadProgress
  10. DispatchHTTPResponse
  11. IsRecognitionPending
  12. GetDesiredAudioChunkDurationMs
  13. DispatchEvent
  14. ExecuteTransitionAndGetNextState
  15. ConnectBothStreams
  16. TransmitAudioUpstream
  17. ProcessDownstreamResponse
  18. RaiseNoMatchErrorIfGotNoResults
  19. CloseUpstreamAndWaitForResults
  20. CloseDownstream
  21. AbortSilently
  22. AbortWithError
  23. Abort
  24. DoNothing
  25. NotFeasible
  26. GetAcceptedLanguages
  27. GenerateRequestKey

// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "content/browser/speech/google_streaming_remote_engine.h"

#include <vector>

#include "base/bind.h"
#include "base/rand_util.h"
#include "base/strings/string_number_conversions.h"
#include "base/strings/string_util.h"
#include "base/strings/utf_string_conversions.h"
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include "content/browser/speech/audio_buffer.h"
#include "content/browser/speech/proto/google_streaming_api.pb.h"
#include "content/public/common/content_switches.h"
#include "content/public/common/speech_recognition_error.h"
#include "content/public/common/speech_recognition_result.h"
#include "google_apis/google_api_keys.h"
#include "net/base/escape.h"
#include "net/base/load_flags.h"
#include "net/url_request/http_user_agent_settings.h"
#include "net/url_request/url_fetcher.h"
#include "net/url_request/url_request_context.h"
#include "net/url_request/url_request_context_getter.h"
#include "net/url_request/url_request_status.h"

using net::URLFetcher;

namespace content {
namespace {

const char kWebServiceBaseUrl[] =
    "https://www.google.com/speech-api/full-duplex/v1";
const char kDownstreamUrl[] = "/down?";
const char kUpstreamUrl[] = "/up?";
const AudioEncoder::Codec kDefaultAudioCodec = AudioEncoder::CODEC_FLAC;

// This matches the maximum maxAlternatives value supported by the server.
const uint32 kMaxMaxAlternatives = 30;

// TODO(hans): Remove this and other logging when we don't need it anymore.
void DumpResponse(const std::string& response) {
  DVLOG(1) << "------------";
  proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent event;
  if (!event.ParseFromString(response)) {
    DVLOG(1) << "Parse failed!";
    return;
  }
  if (event.has_status())
    DVLOG(1) << "STATUS\t" << event.status();
  for (int i = 0; i < event.result_size(); ++i) {
    DVLOG(1) << "RESULT #" << i << ":";
    const proto::SpeechRecognitionResult& res = event.result(i);
    if (res.has_final())
      DVLOG(1) << "  FINAL:\t" << res.final();
    if (res.has_stability())
      DVLOG(1) << "  STABILITY:\t" << res.stability();
    for (int j = 0; j < res.alternative_size(); ++j) {
      const proto::SpeechRecognitionAlternative& alt =
          res.alternative(j);
      if (alt.has_confidence())
        DVLOG(1) << "    CONFIDENCE:\t" << alt.confidence();
      if (alt.has_transcript())
        DVLOG(1) << "    TRANSCRIPT:\t" << alt.transcript();
    }
  }
}

}  // namespace

const int GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::kAudioPacketIntervalMs = 100;
const int GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::kUpstreamUrlFetcherIdForTesting = 0;
const int GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::kDownstreamUrlFetcherIdForTesting = 1;
const int GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::kWebserviceStatusNoError = 0;
const int GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::kWebserviceStatusErrorNoMatch = 5;

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine(
    net::URLRequestContextGetter* context)
    : url_context_(context),
      previous_response_length_(0),
      got_last_definitive_result_(false),
      is_dispatching_event_(false),
      state_(STATE_IDLE) {}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::~GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine() {}

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::SetConfig(
    const SpeechRecognitionEngineConfig& config) {
  config_ = config;
}

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::StartRecognition() {
  FSMEventArgs event_args(EVENT_START_RECOGNITION);
  DispatchEvent(event_args);
}

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::EndRecognition() {
  FSMEventArgs event_args(EVENT_END_RECOGNITION);
  DispatchEvent(event_args);
}

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::TakeAudioChunk(const AudioChunk& data) {
  FSMEventArgs event_args(EVENT_AUDIO_CHUNK);
  event_args.audio_data = &data;
  DispatchEvent(event_args);
}

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::AudioChunksEnded() {
  FSMEventArgs event_args(EVENT_AUDIO_CHUNKS_ENDED);
  DispatchEvent(event_args);
}

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::OnURLFetchComplete(const URLFetcher* source) {
  const bool kResponseComplete = true;
  DispatchHTTPResponse(source, kResponseComplete);
}

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::OnURLFetchDownloadProgress(
    const URLFetcher* source, int64 current, int64 total) {
  const bool kPartialResponse = false;
  DispatchHTTPResponse(source, kPartialResponse);
}

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::DispatchHTTPResponse(const URLFetcher* source,
                                                       bool end_of_response) {
  DCHECK(CalledOnValidThread());
  DCHECK(source);
  const bool response_is_good = source->GetStatus().is_success() &&
                                source->GetResponseCode() == 200;
  std::string response;
  if (response_is_good)
    source->GetResponseAsString(&response);
  const size_t current_response_length = response.size();

  DVLOG(1) << (source == downstream_fetcher_.get() ? "Downstream" : "Upstream")
           << "HTTP, code: " << source->GetResponseCode()
           << "      length: " << current_response_length
           << "      eor: " << end_of_response;

  // URLFetcher provides always the entire response buffer, but we are only
  // interested in the fresh data introduced by the last chunk. Therefore, we
  // drop the previous content we have already processed.
  if (current_response_length != 0) {
    DCHECK_GE(current_response_length, previous_response_length_);
    response.erase(0, previous_response_length_);
    previous_response_length_ = current_response_length;
  }

  if (!response_is_good && source == downstream_fetcher_.get()) {
    DVLOG(1) << "Downstream error " << source->GetResponseCode();
    FSMEventArgs event_args(EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_ERROR);
    DispatchEvent(event_args);
    return;
  }
  if (!response_is_good && source == upstream_fetcher_.get()) {
    DVLOG(1) << "Upstream error " << source->GetResponseCode()
             << " EOR " << end_of_response;
    FSMEventArgs event_args(EVENT_UPSTREAM_ERROR);
    DispatchEvent(event_args);
    return;
  }

  // Ignore incoming data on the upstream connection.
  if (source == upstream_fetcher_.get())
    return;

  DCHECK(response_is_good && source == downstream_fetcher_.get());

  // The downstream response is organized in chunks, whose size is determined
  // by a 4 bytes prefix, transparently handled by the ChunkedByteBuffer class.
  // Such chunks are sent by the speech recognition webservice over the HTTP
  // downstream channel using HTTP chunked transfer (unrelated to our chunks).
  // This function is called every time an HTTP chunk is received by the
  // url fetcher. However there isn't any particular matching beween our
  // protocol chunks and HTTP chunks, in the sense that a single HTTP chunk can
  // contain a portion of one chunk or even more chunks together.
  chunked_byte_buffer_.Append(response);

  // A single HTTP chunk can contain more than one data chunk, thus the while.
  while (chunked_byte_buffer_.HasChunks()) {
    FSMEventArgs event_args(EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_RESPONSE);
    event_args.response = chunked_byte_buffer_.PopChunk();
    DCHECK(event_args.response.get());
    DumpResponse(std::string(event_args.response->begin(),
                             event_args.response->end()));
    DispatchEvent(event_args);
  }
  if (end_of_response) {
    FSMEventArgs event_args(EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_CLOSED);
    DispatchEvent(event_args);
  }
}

bool GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::IsRecognitionPending() const {
  DCHECK(CalledOnValidThread());
  return state_ != STATE_IDLE;
}

int GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::GetDesiredAudioChunkDurationMs() const {
  return kAudioPacketIntervalMs;
}

// -----------------------  Core FSM implementation ---------------------------

void GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::DispatchEvent(
    const FSMEventArgs& event_args) {
  DCHECK(CalledOnValidThread());
  DCHECK_LE(event_args.event, EVENT_MAX_VALUE);
  DCHECK_LE(state_, STATE_MAX_VALUE);

  // Event dispatching must be sequential, otherwise it will break all the rules
  // and the assumptions of the finite state automata model.
  DCHECK(!is_dispatching_event_);
  is_dispatching_event_ = true;

  state_ = ExecuteTransitionAndGetNextState(event_args);

  is_dispatching_event_ = false;
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::ExecuteTransitionAndGetNextState(
    const FSMEventArgs& event_args) {
  const FSMEvent event = event_args.event;
  switch (state_) {
    case STATE_IDLE:
      switch (event) {
        case EVENT_START_RECOGNITION:
          return ConnectBothStreams(event_args);
        case EVENT_END_RECOGNITION:
        // Note AUDIO_CHUNK and AUDIO_END events can remain enqueued in case of
        // abort, so we just silently drop them here.
        case EVENT_AUDIO_CHUNK:
        case EVENT_AUDIO_CHUNKS_ENDED:
        // DOWNSTREAM_CLOSED can be received if we end up here due to an error.
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_CLOSED:
          return DoNothing(event_args);
        case EVENT_UPSTREAM_ERROR:
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_ERROR:
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_RESPONSE:
          return NotFeasible(event_args);
      }
      break;
    case STATE_BOTH_STREAMS_CONNECTED:
      switch (event) {
        case EVENT_AUDIO_CHUNK:
          return TransmitAudioUpstream(event_args);
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_RESPONSE:
          return ProcessDownstreamResponse(event_args);
        case EVENT_AUDIO_CHUNKS_ENDED:
          return CloseUpstreamAndWaitForResults(event_args);
        case EVENT_END_RECOGNITION:
          return AbortSilently(event_args);
        case EVENT_UPSTREAM_ERROR:
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_ERROR:
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_CLOSED:
          return AbortWithError(event_args);
        case EVENT_START_RECOGNITION:
          return NotFeasible(event_args);
      }
      break;
    case STATE_WAITING_DOWNSTREAM_RESULTS:
      switch (event) {
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_RESPONSE:
          return ProcessDownstreamResponse(event_args);
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_CLOSED:
          return RaiseNoMatchErrorIfGotNoResults(event_args);
        case EVENT_END_RECOGNITION:
          return AbortSilently(event_args);
        case EVENT_UPSTREAM_ERROR:
        case EVENT_DOWNSTREAM_ERROR:
          return AbortWithError(event_args);
        case EVENT_START_RECOGNITION:
        case EVENT_AUDIO_CHUNK:
        case EVENT_AUDIO_CHUNKS_ENDED:
          return NotFeasible(event_args);
      }
      break;
  }
  return NotFeasible(event_args);
}

// ----------- Contract for all the FSM evolution functions below -------------
//  - Are guaranteed to be executed in the same thread (IO, except for tests);
//  - Are guaranteed to be not reentrant (themselves and each other);
//  - event_args members are guaranteed to be stable during the call;

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::ConnectBothStreams(const FSMEventArgs&) {
  DCHECK(!upstream_fetcher_.get());
  DCHECK(!downstream_fetcher_.get());

  encoder_.reset(AudioEncoder::Create(kDefaultAudioCodec,
                                      config_.audio_sample_rate,
                                      config_.audio_num_bits_per_sample));
  DCHECK(encoder_.get());
  const std::string request_key = GenerateRequestKey();

  // Setup downstream fetcher.
  std::vector<std::string> downstream_args;
  downstream_args.push_back(
      "key=" + net::EscapeQueryParamValue(google_apis::GetAPIKey(), true));
  downstream_args.push_back("pair=" + request_key);
  downstream_args.push_back("output=pb");
  GURL downstream_url(std::string(kWebServiceBaseUrl) +
                      std::string(kDownstreamUrl) +
                      JoinString(downstream_args, '&'));

  downstream_fetcher_.reset(URLFetcher::Create(
      kDownstreamUrlFetcherIdForTesting, downstream_url, URLFetcher::GET,
      this));
  downstream_fetcher_->SetRequestContext(url_context_.get());
  downstream_fetcher_->SetLoadFlags(net::LOAD_DO_NOT_SAVE_COOKIES |
                                    net::LOAD_DO_NOT_SEND_COOKIES |
                                    net::LOAD_DO_NOT_SEND_AUTH_DATA);
  downstream_fetcher_->Start();

  // Setup upstream fetcher.
  // TODO(hans): Support for user-selected grammars.
  std::vector<std::string> upstream_args;
  upstream_args.push_back("key=" +
      net::EscapeQueryParamValue(google_apis::GetAPIKey(), true));
  upstream_args.push_back("pair=" + request_key);
  upstream_args.push_back("output=pb");
  upstream_args.push_back(
      "lang=" + net::EscapeQueryParamValue(GetAcceptedLanguages(), true));
  upstream_args.push_back(
      config_.filter_profanities ? "pFilter=2" : "pFilter=0");
  if (config_.max_hypotheses > 0U) {
    int max_alternatives = std::min(kMaxMaxAlternatives,
                                    config_.max_hypotheses);
    upstream_args.push_back("maxAlternatives=" +
                            base::UintToString(max_alternatives));
  }
  upstream_args.push_back("client=chromium");
  if (!config_.hardware_info.empty()) {
    upstream_args.push_back(
        "xhw=" + net::EscapeQueryParamValue(config_.hardware_info, true));
  }
  if (config_.continuous)
    upstream_args.push_back("continuous");
  if (config_.interim_results)
    upstream_args.push_back("interim");

  GURL upstream_url(std::string(kWebServiceBaseUrl) +
                    std::string(kUpstreamUrl) +
                    JoinString(upstream_args, '&'));

  upstream_fetcher_.reset(URLFetcher::Create(
      kUpstreamUrlFetcherIdForTesting, upstream_url, URLFetcher::POST, this));
  upstream_fetcher_->SetChunkedUpload(encoder_->mime_type());
  upstream_fetcher_->SetRequestContext(url_context_.get());
  upstream_fetcher_->SetReferrer(config_.origin_url);
  upstream_fetcher_->SetLoadFlags(net::LOAD_DO_NOT_SAVE_COOKIES |
                                  net::LOAD_DO_NOT_SEND_COOKIES |
                                  net::LOAD_DO_NOT_SEND_AUTH_DATA);
  upstream_fetcher_->Start();
  previous_response_length_ = 0;
  return STATE_BOTH_STREAMS_CONNECTED;
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::TransmitAudioUpstream(
    const FSMEventArgs& event_args) {
  DCHECK(upstream_fetcher_.get());
  DCHECK(event_args.audio_data.get());
  const AudioChunk& audio = *(event_args.audio_data.get());

  DCHECK_EQ(audio.bytes_per_sample(), config_.audio_num_bits_per_sample / 8);
  encoder_->Encode(audio);
  scoped_refptr<AudioChunk> encoded_data(encoder_->GetEncodedDataAndClear());
  upstream_fetcher_->AppendChunkToUpload(encoded_data->AsString(), false);
  return state_;
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::ProcessDownstreamResponse(
    const FSMEventArgs& event_args) {
  DCHECK(event_args.response.get());

  proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent ws_event;
  if (!ws_event.ParseFromString(std::string(event_args.response->begin(),
                                            event_args.response->end())))
    return AbortWithError(event_args);

  // An empty (default) event is used to notify us that the upstream has
  // been connected. Ignore.
  if (!ws_event.result_size() && (!ws_event.has_status() ||
      ws_event.status() == proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_SUCCESS)) {
    DVLOG(1) << "Received empty response";
    return state_;
  }

  if (ws_event.has_status()) {
    switch (ws_event.status()) {
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_SUCCESS:
        break;
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_NO_SPEECH:
        return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_NO_SPEECH);
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_ABORTED:
        return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_ABORTED);
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_AUDIO_CAPTURE:
        return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_AUDIO);
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_NETWORK:
        return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_NETWORK);
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_NOT_ALLOWED:
        // TODO(hans): We need a better error code for this.
        return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_ABORTED);
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_SERVICE_NOT_ALLOWED:
        // TODO(hans): We need a better error code for this.
        return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_ABORTED);
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_BAD_GRAMMAR:
        return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_BAD_GRAMMAR);
      case proto::SpeechRecognitionEvent::STATUS_LANGUAGE_NOT_SUPPORTED:
        // TODO(hans): We need a better error code for this.
        return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_ABORTED);
    }
  }

  SpeechRecognitionResults results;
  for (int i = 0; i < ws_event.result_size(); ++i) {
    const proto::SpeechRecognitionResult& ws_result = ws_event.result(i);
    results.push_back(SpeechRecognitionResult());
    SpeechRecognitionResult& result = results.back();
    result.is_provisional = !(ws_result.has_final() && ws_result.final());

    if (!result.is_provisional)
      got_last_definitive_result_ = true;

    for (int j = 0; j < ws_result.alternative_size(); ++j) {
      const proto::SpeechRecognitionAlternative& ws_alternative =
          ws_result.alternative(j);
      SpeechRecognitionHypothesis hypothesis;
      if (ws_alternative.has_confidence())
        hypothesis.confidence = ws_alternative.confidence();
      else if (ws_result.has_stability())
        hypothesis.confidence = ws_result.stability();
      DCHECK(ws_alternative.has_transcript());
      // TODO(hans): Perhaps the transcript should be required in the proto?
      if (ws_alternative.has_transcript())
        hypothesis.utterance = base::UTF8ToUTF16(ws_alternative.transcript());

      result.hypotheses.push_back(hypothesis);
    }
  }

  delegate()->OnSpeechRecognitionEngineResults(results);

  return state_;
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::RaiseNoMatchErrorIfGotNoResults(
    const FSMEventArgs& event_args) {
  if (!got_last_definitive_result_) {
    // Provide an empty result to notify that recognition is ended with no
    // errors, yet neither any further results.
    delegate()->OnSpeechRecognitionEngineResults(SpeechRecognitionResults());
  }
  return AbortSilently(event_args);
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::CloseUpstreamAndWaitForResults(
    const FSMEventArgs&) {
  DCHECK(upstream_fetcher_.get());
  DCHECK(encoder_.get());

  DVLOG(1) <<  "Closing upstream.";

  // The encoder requires a non-empty final buffer. So we encode a packet
  // of silence in case encoder had no data already.
  std::vector<short> samples(
      config_.audio_sample_rate * kAudioPacketIntervalMs / 1000);
  scoped_refptr<AudioChunk> dummy_chunk =
      new AudioChunk(reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(&samples[0]),
                     samples.size() * sizeof(short),
                     encoder_->bits_per_sample() / 8);
  encoder_->Encode(*dummy_chunk.get());
  encoder_->Flush();
  scoped_refptr<AudioChunk> encoded_dummy_data =
      encoder_->GetEncodedDataAndClear();
  DCHECK(!encoded_dummy_data->IsEmpty());
  encoder_.reset();

  upstream_fetcher_->AppendChunkToUpload(encoded_dummy_data->AsString(), true);
  got_last_definitive_result_ = false;
  return STATE_WAITING_DOWNSTREAM_RESULTS;
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::CloseDownstream(const FSMEventArgs&) {
  DCHECK(!upstream_fetcher_.get());
  DCHECK(downstream_fetcher_.get());

  DVLOG(1) <<  "Closing downstream.";
  downstream_fetcher_.reset();
  return STATE_IDLE;
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::AbortSilently(const FSMEventArgs&) {
  return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_NONE);
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::AbortWithError(const FSMEventArgs&) {
  return Abort(SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_NETWORK);
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::Abort(
    SpeechRecognitionErrorCode error_code) {
  DVLOG(1) << "Aborting with error " << error_code;

  if (error_code != SPEECH_RECOGNITION_ERROR_NONE) {
    delegate()->OnSpeechRecognitionEngineError(
        SpeechRecognitionError(error_code));
  }
  downstream_fetcher_.reset();
  upstream_fetcher_.reset();
  encoder_.reset();
  return STATE_IDLE;
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::DoNothing(const FSMEventArgs&) {
  return state_;
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMState
GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::NotFeasible(const FSMEventArgs& event_args) {
  NOTREACHED() << "Unfeasible event " << event_args.event
               << " in state " << state_;
  return state_;
}

std::string GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::GetAcceptedLanguages() const {
  std::string langs = config_.language;
  if (langs.empty() && url_context_.get()) {
    // If no language is provided then we use the first from the accepted
    // language list. If this list is empty then it defaults to "en-US".
    // Example of the contents of this list: "es,en-GB;q=0.8", ""
    net::URLRequestContext* request_context =
        url_context_->GetURLRequestContext();
    DCHECK(request_context);
    // TODO(pauljensen): GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine should be constructed with
    // a reference to the HttpUserAgentSettings rather than accessing the
    // accept language through the URLRequestContext.
    if (request_context->http_user_agent_settings()) {
      std::string accepted_language_list =
          request_context->http_user_agent_settings()->GetAcceptLanguage();
      size_t separator = accepted_language_list.find_first_of(",;");
      if (separator != std::string::npos)
        langs = accepted_language_list.substr(0, separator);
    }
  }
  if (langs.empty())
    langs = "en-US";
  return langs;
}

// TODO(primiano): Is there any utility in the codebase that already does this?
std::string GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::GenerateRequestKey() const {
  const int64 kKeepLowBytes = GG_LONGLONG(0x00000000FFFFFFFF);
  const int64 kKeepHighBytes = GG_LONGLONG(0xFFFFFFFF00000000);

  // Just keep the least significant bits of timestamp, in order to reduce
  // probability of collisions.
  int64 key = (base::Time::Now().ToInternalValue() & kKeepLowBytes) |
              (base::RandUint64() & kKeepHighBytes);
  return base::HexEncode(reinterpret_cast<void*>(&key), sizeof(key));
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMEventArgs::FSMEventArgs(FSMEvent event_value)
    : event(event_value) {
}

GoogleStreamingRemoteEngine::FSMEventArgs::~FSMEventArgs() {
}

}  // namespace content

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