root/Zend/zend_exceptions.c

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DEFINITIONS

This source file includes following definitions.
  1. zend_exception_set_previous
  2. zend_exception_save
  3. zend_exception_restore
  4. zend_throw_exception_internal
  5. zend_clear_exception
  6. zend_default_exception_new_ex
  7. zend_default_exception_new
  8. zend_error_exception_new
  9. ZEND_METHOD
  10. ZEND_METHOD
  11. ZEND_METHOD
  12. _default_exception_get_entry
  13. ZEND_METHOD
  14. ZEND_METHOD
  15. ZEND_METHOD
  16. ZEND_METHOD
  17. ZEND_METHOD
  18. ZEND_METHOD
  19. _build_trace_args
  20. _build_trace_string
  21. ZEND_METHOD
  22. ZEND_METHOD
  23. zend_spprintf
  24. ZEND_METHOD
  25. zend_register_default_exception
  26. zend_exception_get_default
  27. zend_get_error_exception
  28. zend_throw_exception
  29. zend_throw_exception_ex
  30. zend_throw_error_exception
  31. zend_error_va
  32. zend_exception_error
  33. zend_throw_exception_object

/*
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Zend Engine                                                          |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies Ltd. (http://www.zend.com) |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | This source file is subject to version 2.00 of the Zend license,     |
   | that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE, and is        |
   | available through the world-wide-web at the following url:           |
   | http://www.zend.com/license/2_00.txt.                                |
   | If you did not receive a copy of the Zend license and are unable to  |
   | obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send a note to          |
   | license@zend.com so we can mail you a copy immediately.              |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Authors: Andi Gutmans <andi@zend.com>                                |
   |          Marcus Boerger <helly@php.net>                              |
   |          Sterling Hughes <sterling@php.net>                          |
   |          Zeev Suraski <zeev@zend.com>                                |
   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
*/

/* $Id$ */

#include "zend.h"
#include "zend_API.h"
#include "zend_builtin_functions.h"
#include "zend_interfaces.h"
#include "zend_exceptions.h"
#include "zend_vm.h"
#include "zend_dtrace.h"

static zend_class_entry *default_exception_ce;
static zend_class_entry *error_exception_ce;
static zend_object_handlers default_exception_handlers;
ZEND_API void (*zend_throw_exception_hook)(zval *ex TSRMLS_DC);

void zend_exception_set_previous(zval *exception, zval *add_previous TSRMLS_DC)
{
        zval *previous;

        if (exception == add_previous || !add_previous || !exception) {
                return;
        }
        if (Z_TYPE_P(add_previous) != IS_OBJECT && !instanceof_function(Z_OBJCE_P(add_previous), default_exception_ce TSRMLS_CC)) {
                zend_error(E_ERROR, "Cannot set non exception as previous exception");
                return;
        }
        while (exception && exception != add_previous && Z_OBJ_HANDLE_P(exception) != Z_OBJ_HANDLE_P(add_previous)) {
                previous = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, exception, "previous", sizeof("previous")-1, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
                if (Z_TYPE_P(previous) == IS_NULL) {
                        zend_update_property(default_exception_ce, exception, "previous", sizeof("previous")-1, add_previous TSRMLS_CC);
                        Z_DELREF_P(add_previous);
                        return;
                }
                exception = previous;
        }
}

void zend_exception_save(TSRMLS_D) /* {{{ */
{
        if (EG(prev_exception)) {
                zend_exception_set_previous(EG(exception), EG(prev_exception) TSRMLS_CC);
        }
        if (EG(exception)) {
                EG(prev_exception) = EG(exception);
        }
        EG(exception) = NULL;
}
/* }}} */

void zend_exception_restore(TSRMLS_D) /* {{{ */
{
        if (EG(prev_exception)) {
                if (EG(exception)) {
                        zend_exception_set_previous(EG(exception), EG(prev_exception) TSRMLS_CC);
                } else {
                        EG(exception) = EG(prev_exception);
                }
                EG(prev_exception) = NULL;
        }
}
/* }}} */

void zend_throw_exception_internal(zval *exception TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
#ifdef HAVE_DTRACE
        if (DTRACE_EXCEPTION_THROWN_ENABLED()) {
                const char *classname;
                zend_uint name_len;

                if (exception != NULL) {
                        zend_get_object_classname(exception, &classname, &name_len TSRMLS_CC);
                        DTRACE_EXCEPTION_THROWN((char *)classname);
                } else {
                        DTRACE_EXCEPTION_THROWN(NULL);
                }
        }
#endif /* HAVE_DTRACE */

        if (exception != NULL) {
                zval *previous = EG(exception);
                zend_exception_set_previous(exception, EG(exception) TSRMLS_CC);
                EG(exception) = exception;
                if (previous) {
                        return;
                }
        }
        if (!EG(current_execute_data)) {
                if(EG(exception)) {
                        zend_exception_error(EG(exception), E_ERROR TSRMLS_CC);
                }
                zend_error(E_ERROR, "Exception thrown without a stack frame");
        }

        if (zend_throw_exception_hook) {
                zend_throw_exception_hook(exception TSRMLS_CC);
        }

        if (EG(current_execute_data)->opline == NULL ||
            (EG(current_execute_data)->opline+1)->opcode == ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION) {
                /* no need to rethrow the exception */
                return;
        }
        EG(opline_before_exception) = EG(current_execute_data)->opline;
        EG(current_execute_data)->opline = EG(exception_op);
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API void zend_clear_exception(TSRMLS_D) /* {{{ */
{
        if (EG(prev_exception)) {
                zval_ptr_dtor(&EG(prev_exception));
                EG(prev_exception) = NULL;
        }
        if (!EG(exception)) {
                return;
        }
        zval_ptr_dtor(&EG(exception));
        EG(exception) = NULL;
        EG(current_execute_data)->opline = EG(opline_before_exception);
#if ZEND_DEBUG
        EG(opline_before_exception) = NULL;
#endif
}
/* }}} */

static zend_object_value zend_default_exception_new_ex(zend_class_entry *class_type, int skip_top_traces TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        zval obj;
        zend_object *object;
        zval *trace;

        Z_OBJVAL(obj) = zend_objects_new(&object, class_type TSRMLS_CC);
        Z_OBJ_HT(obj) = &default_exception_handlers;

        object_properties_init(object, class_type);

        ALLOC_ZVAL(trace);
        Z_UNSET_ISREF_P(trace);
        Z_SET_REFCOUNT_P(trace, 0);
        zend_fetch_debug_backtrace(trace, skip_top_traces, 0, 0 TSRMLS_CC);

        zend_update_property_string(default_exception_ce, &obj, "file", sizeof("file")-1, zend_get_executed_filename(TSRMLS_C) TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_update_property_long(default_exception_ce, &obj, "line", sizeof("line")-1, zend_get_executed_lineno(TSRMLS_C) TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_update_property(default_exception_ce, &obj, "trace", sizeof("trace")-1, trace TSRMLS_CC);

        return Z_OBJVAL(obj);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_object_value zend_default_exception_new(zend_class_entry *class_type TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        return zend_default_exception_new_ex(class_type, 0 TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

static zend_object_value zend_error_exception_new(zend_class_entry *class_type TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        return zend_default_exception_new_ex(class_type, 2 TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto Exception Exception::__clone()
   Clone the exception object */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, __clone)
{
        /* Should never be executable */
        zend_throw_exception(NULL, "Cannot clone object using __clone()", 0 TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto Exception::__construct(string message, int code [, Exception previous])
   Exception constructor */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, __construct)
{
        char  *message = NULL;
        long   code = 0;
        zval  *object, *previous = NULL;
        int    argc = ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), message_len;

        if (zend_parse_parameters_ex(ZEND_PARSE_PARAMS_QUIET, argc TSRMLS_CC, "|slO!", &message, &message_len, &code, &previous, default_exception_ce) == FAILURE) {
                zend_error(E_ERROR, "Wrong parameters for Exception([string $exception [, long $code [, Exception $previous = NULL]]])");
        }

        object = getThis();

        if (message) {
                zend_update_property_stringl(default_exception_ce, object, "message", sizeof("message")-1, message, message_len TSRMLS_CC);
        }

        if (code) {
                zend_update_property_long(default_exception_ce, object, "code", sizeof("code")-1, code TSRMLS_CC);
        }

        if (previous) {
                zend_update_property(default_exception_ce, object, "previous", sizeof("previous")-1, previous TSRMLS_CC);
        }
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto ErrorException::__construct(string message, int code, int severity [, string filename [, int lineno [, Exception previous]]])
   ErrorException constructor */
ZEND_METHOD(error_exception, __construct)
{
        char  *message = NULL, *filename = NULL;
        long   code = 0, severity = E_ERROR, lineno;
        zval  *object, *previous = NULL;
        int    argc = ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), message_len, filename_len;

        if (zend_parse_parameters_ex(ZEND_PARSE_PARAMS_QUIET, argc TSRMLS_CC, "|sllslO!", &message, &message_len, &code, &severity, &filename, &filename_len, &lineno, &previous, default_exception_ce) == FAILURE) {
                zend_error(E_ERROR, "Wrong parameters for ErrorException([string $exception [, long $code, [ long $severity, [ string $filename, [ long $lineno  [, Exception $previous = NULL]]]]]])");
        }

        object = getThis();

        if (message) {
                zend_update_property_string(default_exception_ce, object, "message", sizeof("message")-1, message TSRMLS_CC);
        }

        if (code) {
                zend_update_property_long(default_exception_ce, object, "code", sizeof("code")-1, code TSRMLS_CC);
        }

        if (previous) {
                zend_update_property(default_exception_ce, object, "previous", sizeof("previous")-1, previous TSRMLS_CC);
        }

        zend_update_property_long(default_exception_ce, object, "severity", sizeof("severity")-1, severity TSRMLS_CC);

        if (argc >= 4) {
            zend_update_property_string(default_exception_ce, object, "file", sizeof("file")-1, filename TSRMLS_CC);
        if (argc < 5) {
            lineno = 0; /* invalidate lineno */
        }
        zend_update_property_long(default_exception_ce, object, "line", sizeof("line")-1, lineno TSRMLS_CC);
        }
}
/* }}} */

#define DEFAULT_0_PARAMS \
        if (zend_parse_parameters_none() == FAILURE) { \
                return; \
        }

static void _default_exception_get_entry(zval *object, char *name, int name_len, zval *return_value TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        zval *value;

        value = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, object, name, name_len, 0 TSRMLS_CC);

        *return_value = *value;
        zval_copy_ctor(return_value);
        INIT_PZVAL(return_value);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto string Exception::getFile()
   Get the file in which the exception occurred */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, getFile)
{
        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;

        _default_exception_get_entry(getThis(), "file", sizeof("file")-1, return_value TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto int Exception::getLine()
   Get the line in which the exception occurred */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, getLine)
{
        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;

        _default_exception_get_entry(getThis(), "line", sizeof("line")-1, return_value TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto string Exception::getMessage()
   Get the exception message */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, getMessage)
{
        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;

        _default_exception_get_entry(getThis(), "message", sizeof("message")-1, return_value TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto int Exception::getCode()
   Get the exception code */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, getCode)
{
        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;

        _default_exception_get_entry(getThis(), "code", sizeof("code")-1, return_value TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto array Exception::getTrace()
   Get the stack trace for the location in which the exception occurred */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, getTrace)
{
        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;

        _default_exception_get_entry(getThis(), "trace", sizeof("trace")-1, return_value TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto int ErrorException::getSeverity()
   Get the exception severity */
ZEND_METHOD(error_exception, getSeverity)
{
        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;

        _default_exception_get_entry(getThis(), "severity", sizeof("severity")-1, return_value TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ gettraceasstring() macros */
#define TRACE_APPEND_CHR(chr)                                            \
        *str = (char*)erealloc(*str, *len + 1 + 1);                          \
        (*str)[(*len)++] = chr

#define TRACE_APPEND_STRL(val, vallen)                                   \
        {                                                                    \
                int l = vallen;                                                  \
                *str = (char*)erealloc(*str, *len + l + 1);                      \
                memcpy((*str) + *len, val, l);                                   \
                *len += l;                                                       \
        }

#define TRACE_APPEND_STR(val)                                            \
        TRACE_APPEND_STRL(val, sizeof(val)-1)

#define TRACE_APPEND_KEY(key)                                                   \
        if (zend_hash_find(ht, key, sizeof(key), (void**)&tmp) == SUCCESS) {    \
                if (Z_TYPE_PP(tmp) != IS_STRING) {                              \
                        zend_error(E_WARNING, "Value for %s is no string", key); \
                        TRACE_APPEND_STR("[unknown]");                          \
                } else {                                                        \
                        TRACE_APPEND_STRL(Z_STRVAL_PP(tmp), Z_STRLEN_PP(tmp));  \
                }                                                               \
        }


#define TRACE_ARG_APPEND(vallen)                                                                \
        *str = (char*)erealloc(*str, *len + 1 + vallen);                                        \
        memmove((*str) + *len - l_added + 1 + vallen, (*str) + *len - l_added + 1, l_added);

/* }}} */

static int _build_trace_args(zval **arg TSRMLS_DC, int num_args, va_list args, zend_hash_key *hash_key) /* {{{ */
{
        char **str;
        int *len;

        str = va_arg(args, char**);
        len = va_arg(args, int*);

        /* the trivial way would be to do:
         * convert_to_string_ex(arg);
         * append it and kill the now tmp arg.
         * but that could cause some E_NOTICE and also damn long lines.
         */

        switch (Z_TYPE_PP(arg)) {
                case IS_NULL:
                        TRACE_APPEND_STR("NULL, ");
                        break;
                case IS_STRING: {
                        int l_added;
                        TRACE_APPEND_CHR('\'');
                        if (Z_STRLEN_PP(arg) > 15) {
                                TRACE_APPEND_STRL(Z_STRVAL_PP(arg), 15);
                                TRACE_APPEND_STR("...', ");
                                l_added = 15 + 6 + 1; /* +1 because of while (--l_added) */
                        } else {
                                l_added = Z_STRLEN_PP(arg);
                                TRACE_APPEND_STRL(Z_STRVAL_PP(arg), l_added);
                                TRACE_APPEND_STR("', ");
                                l_added += 3 + 1;
                        }
                        while (--l_added) {
                                unsigned char chr = (*str)[*len - l_added];
                                if (chr < 32 || chr == '\\' || chr > 126) {
                                        (*str)[*len - l_added] = '\\';

                                        switch (chr) {
                                                case '\n':
                                                        TRACE_ARG_APPEND(1);
                                                        (*str)[++(*len) - l_added] = 'n';
                                                        break;
                                                case '\r':
                                                        TRACE_ARG_APPEND(1);
                                                        (*str)[++(*len) - l_added] = 'r';
                                                        break;
                                                case '\t':
                                                        TRACE_ARG_APPEND(1);
                                                        (*str)[++(*len) - l_added] = 't';
                                                        break;
                                                case '\f':
                                                        TRACE_ARG_APPEND(1);
                                                        (*str)[++(*len) - l_added] = 'f';
                                                        break;
                                                case '\v':
                                                        TRACE_ARG_APPEND(1);
                                                        (*str)[++(*len) - l_added] = 'v';
                                                        break;
#ifndef PHP_WIN32
                                                case '\e':
#else
                                                case VK_ESCAPE:
#endif
                                                        TRACE_ARG_APPEND(1);
                                                        (*str)[++(*len) - l_added] = 'e';
                                                        break;
                                                case '\\':
                                                        TRACE_ARG_APPEND(1);
                                                        (*str)[++(*len) - l_added] = '\\';
                                                        break;
                                                default:
                                                        TRACE_ARG_APPEND(3);
                                                        (*str)[*len - l_added + 1] = 'x';
                                                        if ((chr >> 4) < 10) {
                                                                (*str)[*len - l_added + 2] = (chr >> 4) + '0';
                                                        } else {
                                                                (*str)[*len - l_added + 2] = (chr >> 4) + 'A' - 10;
                                                        }
                                                        if (chr % 16 < 10) {
                                                                (*str)[*len - l_added + 3] = chr % 16 + '0';
                                                        } else {
                                                                (*str)[*len - l_added + 3] = chr % 16 + 'A' - 10;
                                                        }
                                                        *len += 3;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        break;
                }
                case IS_BOOL:
                        if (Z_LVAL_PP(arg)) {
                                TRACE_APPEND_STR("true, ");
                        } else {
                                TRACE_APPEND_STR("false, ");
                        }
                        break;
                case IS_RESOURCE:
                        TRACE_APPEND_STR("Resource id #");
                        /* break; */
                case IS_LONG: {
                        long lval = Z_LVAL_PP(arg);
                        char s_tmp[MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG + 1];
                        int l_tmp = zend_sprintf(s_tmp, "%ld", lval);  /* SAFE */
                        TRACE_APPEND_STRL(s_tmp, l_tmp);
                        TRACE_APPEND_STR(", ");
                        break;
                }
                case IS_DOUBLE: {
                        double dval = Z_DVAL_PP(arg);
                        char *s_tmp;
                        int l_tmp;

                        s_tmp = emalloc(MAX_LENGTH_OF_DOUBLE + EG(precision) + 1);
                        l_tmp = zend_sprintf(s_tmp, "%.*G", (int) EG(precision), dval);  /* SAFE */
                        TRACE_APPEND_STRL(s_tmp, l_tmp);
                        /* %G already handles removing trailing zeros from the fractional part, yay */
                        efree(s_tmp);
                        TRACE_APPEND_STR(", ");
                        break;
                }
                case IS_ARRAY:
                        TRACE_APPEND_STR("Array, ");
                        break;
                case IS_OBJECT: {
                        const char *class_name;
                        zend_uint class_name_len;
                        int dup;

                        TRACE_APPEND_STR("Object(");

                        dup = zend_get_object_classname(*arg, &class_name, &class_name_len TSRMLS_CC);

                        TRACE_APPEND_STRL(class_name, class_name_len);
                        if(!dup) {
                                efree((char*)class_name);
                        }

                        TRACE_APPEND_STR("), ");
                        break;
                }
                default:
                        break;
        }
        return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_KEEP;
}
/* }}} */

static int _build_trace_string(zval **frame TSRMLS_DC, int num_args, va_list args, zend_hash_key *hash_key) /* {{{ */
{
        char *s_tmp, **str;
        int *len, *num;
        long line;
        HashTable *ht = Z_ARRVAL_PP(frame);
        zval **file, **tmp;

        if (Z_TYPE_PP(frame) != IS_ARRAY) {
                zend_error(E_WARNING, "Expected array for frame %lu", hash_key->h);
                return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_KEEP;
        }

        str = va_arg(args, char**);
        len = va_arg(args, int*);
        num = va_arg(args, int*);

        s_tmp = emalloc(1 + MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG + 1 + 1);
        sprintf(s_tmp, "#%d ", (*num)++);
        TRACE_APPEND_STRL(s_tmp, strlen(s_tmp));
        efree(s_tmp);
        if (zend_hash_find(ht, "file", sizeof("file"), (void**)&file) == SUCCESS) {
                if (Z_TYPE_PP(file) != IS_STRING) {
                        zend_error(E_WARNING, "Function name is no string");
                        TRACE_APPEND_STR("[unknown function]");
                } else{
                        if (zend_hash_find(ht, "line", sizeof("line"), (void**)&tmp) == SUCCESS) {
                                if (Z_TYPE_PP(tmp) == IS_LONG) {
                                        line = Z_LVAL_PP(tmp);
                                } else {
                                        zend_error(E_WARNING, "Line is no long");
                                        line = 0;
                                }
                        } else {
                                line = 0;
                        }
                        s_tmp = emalloc(Z_STRLEN_PP(file) + MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG + 4 + 1);
                        sprintf(s_tmp, "%s(%ld): ", Z_STRVAL_PP(file), line);
                        TRACE_APPEND_STRL(s_tmp, strlen(s_tmp));
                        efree(s_tmp);
                }
        } else {
                TRACE_APPEND_STR("[internal function]: ");
        }
        TRACE_APPEND_KEY("class");
        TRACE_APPEND_KEY("type");
        TRACE_APPEND_KEY("function");
        TRACE_APPEND_CHR('(');
        if (zend_hash_find(ht, "args", sizeof("args"), (void**)&tmp) == SUCCESS) {
                if (Z_TYPE_PP(tmp) == IS_ARRAY) {
                        int last_len = *len;
                        zend_hash_apply_with_arguments(Z_ARRVAL_PP(tmp) TSRMLS_CC, (apply_func_args_t)_build_trace_args, 2, str, len);
                        if (last_len != *len) {
                                *len -= 2; /* remove last ', ' */
                        }
                } else {
                        zend_error(E_WARNING, "args element is no array");
                }
        }
        TRACE_APPEND_STR(")\n");
        return ZEND_HASH_APPLY_KEEP;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto string Exception::getTraceAsString()
   Obtain the backtrace for the exception as a string (instead of an array) */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, getTraceAsString)
{
        zval *trace;
        char *res, **str, *s_tmp;
        int res_len = 0, *len = &res_len, num = 0;

        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;
        
        trace = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, getThis(), "trace", sizeof("trace")-1, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
        if (Z_TYPE_P(trace) != IS_ARRAY) {
                RETURN_FALSE;
        }

        res = estrdup("");
        str = &res;

        zend_hash_apply_with_arguments(Z_ARRVAL_P(trace) TSRMLS_CC, (apply_func_args_t)_build_trace_string, 3, str, len, &num);

        s_tmp = emalloc(1 + MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG + 7 + 1);
        sprintf(s_tmp, "#%d {main}", num);
        TRACE_APPEND_STRL(s_tmp, strlen(s_tmp));
        efree(s_tmp);

        res[res_len] = '\0';    
        RETURN_STRINGL(res, res_len, 0); 
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto string Exception::getPrevious()
   Return previous Exception or NULL. */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, getPrevious)
{
        zval *previous;

        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;

        previous = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, getThis(), "previous", sizeof("previous")-1, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
        RETURN_ZVAL(previous, 1, 0);
}

int zend_spprintf(char **message, int max_len, const char *format, ...) /* {{{ */
{
        va_list arg;
        int len;

        va_start(arg, format);
        len = zend_vspprintf(message, max_len, format, arg);
        va_end(arg);
        return len;
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ proto string Exception::__toString()
   Obtain the string representation of the Exception object */
ZEND_METHOD(exception, __toString)
{
        zval message, file, line, *trace, *exception;
        char *str, *prev_str;
        int len = 0;
        zend_fcall_info fci;
        zval fname;
        
        DEFAULT_0_PARAMS;
        
        str = estrndup("", 0);

        exception = getThis();
        ZVAL_STRINGL(&fname, "gettraceasstring", sizeof("gettraceasstring")-1, 1);

        while (exception && Z_TYPE_P(exception) == IS_OBJECT) {
                prev_str = str;
                _default_exception_get_entry(exception, "message", sizeof("message")-1, &message TSRMLS_CC);
                _default_exception_get_entry(exception, "file", sizeof("file")-1, &file TSRMLS_CC);
                _default_exception_get_entry(exception, "line", sizeof("line")-1, &line TSRMLS_CC);

                convert_to_string(&message);
                convert_to_string(&file);
                convert_to_long(&line);

                fci.size = sizeof(fci);
                fci.function_table = &Z_OBJCE_P(exception)->function_table;
                fci.function_name = &fname;
                fci.symbol_table = NULL;
                fci.object_ptr = exception;
                fci.retval_ptr_ptr = &trace;
                fci.param_count = 0;
                fci.params = NULL;
                fci.no_separation = 1;

                zend_call_function(&fci, NULL TSRMLS_CC);

                if (Z_TYPE_P(trace) != IS_STRING) {
                        zval_ptr_dtor(&trace);
                        trace = NULL;
                }

                if (Z_STRLEN(message) > 0) {
                        len = zend_spprintf(&str, 0, "exception '%s' with message '%s' in %s:%ld\nStack trace:\n%s%s%s",
                                                                Z_OBJCE_P(exception)->name, Z_STRVAL(message), Z_STRVAL(file), Z_LVAL(line),
                                                                (trace && Z_STRLEN_P(trace)) ? Z_STRVAL_P(trace) : "#0 {main}\n",
                                                                len ? "\n\nNext " : "", prev_str);
                } else {
                        len = zend_spprintf(&str, 0, "exception '%s' in %s:%ld\nStack trace:\n%s%s%s",
                                                                Z_OBJCE_P(exception)->name, Z_STRVAL(file), Z_LVAL(line),
                                                                (trace && Z_STRLEN_P(trace)) ? Z_STRVAL_P(trace) : "#0 {main}\n",
                                                                len ? "\n\nNext " : "", prev_str);
                }
                efree(prev_str);
                zval_dtor(&message);
                zval_dtor(&file);
                zval_dtor(&line);

                exception = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, exception, "previous", sizeof("previous")-1, 0 TSRMLS_CC);

                if (trace) {
                        zval_ptr_dtor(&trace);
                }

        }
        zval_dtor(&fname);

        /* We store the result in the private property string so we can access
         * the result in uncaught exception handlers without memleaks. */
        zend_update_property_string(default_exception_ce, getThis(), "string", sizeof("string")-1, str TSRMLS_CC);

        RETURN_STRINGL(str, len, 0);
}
/* }}} */

/* {{{ internal structs */
/* All functions that may be used in uncaught exception handlers must be final
 * and must not throw exceptions. Otherwise we would need a facility to handle
 * such exceptions in that handler.
 * Also all getXY() methods are final because thy serve as read only access to
 * their corresponding properties, no more, no less. If after all you need to
 * override somthing then it is method __toString().
 * And never try to change the state of exceptions and never implement anything
 * that gives the user anything to accomplish this.
 */
ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arginfo_exception___construct, 0, 0, 0)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, message)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, code)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, previous)
ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()

const static zend_function_entry default_exception_functions[] = {
        ZEND_ME(exception, __clone, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        ZEND_ME(exception, __construct, arginfo_exception___construct, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        ZEND_ME(exception, getMessage, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        ZEND_ME(exception, getCode, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        ZEND_ME(exception, getFile, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        ZEND_ME(exception, getLine, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        ZEND_ME(exception, getTrace, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        ZEND_ME(exception, getPrevious, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        ZEND_ME(exception, getTraceAsString, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        ZEND_ME(exception, __toString, NULL, 0)
        {NULL, NULL, NULL}
};

ZEND_BEGIN_ARG_INFO_EX(arginfo_error_exception___construct, 0, 0, 0)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, message)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, code)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, severity)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, filename)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, lineno)
        ZEND_ARG_INFO(0, previous)
ZEND_END_ARG_INFO()

static const zend_function_entry error_exception_functions[] = {
        ZEND_ME(error_exception, __construct, arginfo_error_exception___construct, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)
        ZEND_ME(error_exception, getSeverity, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC|ZEND_ACC_FINAL)
        {NULL, NULL, NULL}
};
/* }}} */

void zend_register_default_exception(TSRMLS_D) /* {{{ */
{
        zend_class_entry ce;

        INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "Exception", default_exception_functions);
        default_exception_ce = zend_register_internal_class(&ce TSRMLS_CC);
        default_exception_ce->create_object = zend_default_exception_new;
        memcpy(&default_exception_handlers, zend_get_std_object_handlers(), sizeof(zend_object_handlers));
        default_exception_handlers.clone_obj = NULL;

        zend_declare_property_string(default_exception_ce, "message", sizeof("message")-1, "", ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_declare_property_string(default_exception_ce, "string", sizeof("string")-1, "", ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_declare_property_long(default_exception_ce, "code", sizeof("code")-1, 0, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_declare_property_null(default_exception_ce, "file", sizeof("file")-1, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_declare_property_null(default_exception_ce, "line", sizeof("line")-1, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_declare_property_null(default_exception_ce, "trace", sizeof("trace")-1, ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_declare_property_null(default_exception_ce, "previous", sizeof("previous")-1, ZEND_ACC_PRIVATE TSRMLS_CC);

        INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce, "ErrorException", error_exception_functions);
        error_exception_ce = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce, default_exception_ce, NULL TSRMLS_CC);
        error_exception_ce->create_object = zend_error_exception_new;
        zend_declare_property_long(error_exception_ce, "severity", sizeof("severity")-1, E_ERROR, ZEND_ACC_PROTECTED TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_exception_get_default(TSRMLS_D) /* {{{ */
{
        return default_exception_ce;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zend_class_entry *zend_get_error_exception(TSRMLS_D) /* {{{ */
{
        return error_exception_ce;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zval * zend_throw_exception(zend_class_entry *exception_ce, const char *message, long code TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        zval *ex;

        MAKE_STD_ZVAL(ex);
        if (exception_ce) {
                if (!instanceof_function(exception_ce, default_exception_ce TSRMLS_CC)) {
                        zend_error(E_NOTICE, "Exceptions must be derived from the Exception base class");
                        exception_ce = default_exception_ce;
                }
        } else {
                exception_ce = default_exception_ce;
        }
        object_init_ex(ex, exception_ce);


        if (message) {
                zend_update_property_string(default_exception_ce, ex, "message", sizeof("message")-1, message TSRMLS_CC);
        }
        if (code) {
                zend_update_property_long(default_exception_ce, ex, "code", sizeof("code")-1, code TSRMLS_CC);
        }

        zend_throw_exception_internal(ex TSRMLS_CC);
        return ex;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zval * zend_throw_exception_ex(zend_class_entry *exception_ce, long code TSRMLS_DC, const char *format, ...) /* {{{ */
{
        va_list arg;
        char *message;
        zval *zexception;

        va_start(arg, format);
        zend_vspprintf(&message, 0, format, arg);
        va_end(arg);
        zexception = zend_throw_exception(exception_ce, message, code TSRMLS_CC);
        efree(message);
        return zexception;
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API zval * zend_throw_error_exception(zend_class_entry *exception_ce, const char *message, long code, int severity TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        zval *ex = zend_throw_exception(exception_ce, message, code TSRMLS_CC);
        zend_update_property_long(default_exception_ce, ex, "severity", sizeof("severity")-1, severity TSRMLS_CC);
        return ex;
}
/* }}} */

static void zend_error_va(int type, const char *file, uint lineno, const char *format, ...) /* {{{ */
{
        va_list args;

        va_start(args, format);
        zend_error_cb(type, file, lineno, format, args);
        va_end(args);
}
/* }}} */

/* This function doesn't return if it uses E_ERROR */
ZEND_API void zend_exception_error(zval *exception, int severity TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        zend_class_entry *ce_exception = Z_OBJCE_P(exception);
        if (instanceof_function(ce_exception, default_exception_ce TSRMLS_CC)) {
                zval *str, *file, *line;

                EG(exception) = NULL;

                zend_call_method_with_0_params(&exception, ce_exception, NULL, "__tostring", &str);
                if (!EG(exception)) {
                        if (Z_TYPE_P(str) != IS_STRING) {
                                zend_error(E_WARNING, "%s::__toString() must return a string", ce_exception->name);
                        } else {
                                zend_update_property_string(default_exception_ce, exception, "string", sizeof("string")-1, EG(exception) ? ce_exception->name : Z_STRVAL_P(str) TSRMLS_CC);
                        }
                }
                zval_ptr_dtor(&str);

                if (EG(exception)) {
                        /* do the best we can to inform about the inner exception */
                        if (instanceof_function(ce_exception, default_exception_ce TSRMLS_CC)) {
                                file = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, EG(exception), "file", sizeof("file")-1, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
                                line = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, EG(exception), "line", sizeof("line")-1, 1 TSRMLS_CC);

                                convert_to_string(file);
                                file = (Z_STRLEN_P(file) > 0) ? file : NULL;
                                line = (Z_TYPE_P(line) == IS_LONG) ? line : NULL;
                        } else {
                                file = NULL;
                                line = NULL;
                        }
                        zend_error_va(E_WARNING, file ? Z_STRVAL_P(file) : NULL, line ? Z_LVAL_P(line) : 0, "Uncaught %s in exception handling during call to %s::__tostring()", Z_OBJCE_P(EG(exception))->name, ce_exception->name);
                }

                str = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, exception, "string", sizeof("string")-1, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
                file = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, exception, "file", sizeof("file")-1, 1 TSRMLS_CC);
                line = zend_read_property(default_exception_ce, exception, "line", sizeof("line")-1, 1 TSRMLS_CC);

                convert_to_string(str);
                convert_to_string(file);
                convert_to_long(line);

                zend_error_va(severity, (Z_STRLEN_P(file) > 0) ? Z_STRVAL_P(file) : NULL, Z_LVAL_P(line), "Uncaught %s\n  thrown", Z_STRVAL_P(str));
        } else {
                zend_error(severity, "Uncaught exception '%s'", ce_exception->name);
        }
}
/* }}} */

ZEND_API void zend_throw_exception_object(zval *exception TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */
{
        zend_class_entry *exception_ce;

        if (exception == NULL || Z_TYPE_P(exception) != IS_OBJECT) {
                zend_error(E_ERROR, "Need to supply an object when throwing an exception");
        }

        exception_ce = Z_OBJCE_P(exception);

        if (!exception_ce || !instanceof_function(exception_ce, default_exception_ce TSRMLS_CC)) {
                zend_error(E_ERROR, "Exceptions must be valid objects derived from the Exception base class");
        }
        zend_throw_exception_internal(exception TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */

/*
 * Local variables:
 * tab-width: 4
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * indent-tabs-mode: t
 * End:
 */

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